Influence of Self Efficacy, Social Support and Sense of Community on Health-related Quality of Life for Middle-aged and Elderly Residents Living in a Rural Community

Hyeonkyeong Lee; Sung Hye Cho; Jung Hee Kim; Yune Kyong Kim; Hyang Im Choo

doi:10.4040/jkan.2014.44.6.608

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Lee, Cho, Kim, Kim, and Choo: Influence of Self Efficacy, Social Support and Sense of Community on Health-related Quality of Life for Middle-aged and Elderly Residents Living in a Rural Community

Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2014; 44(6): 608-616.

Published online: 31 December 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.6.608

Influence of Self Efficacy, Social Support and Sense of Community on Health-related Quality of Life for Middle-aged and Elderly Residents Living in a Rural Community

Hyeonkyeong Lee¹, Sung Hye Cho¹, Jung Hee Kim², Yune Kyong Kim³, Hyang Im Choo⁴

¹College of Nursing · Nursing Policy Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.

²College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.

³Department of Nursing, Masan University, Changwon, Korea.

⁴JeongBae Community Health Post, Yangpyeong, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Cho, Sung Hye. College of Nursing, Nursing Policy Research Institute, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea. Tel: +82-10-5022-2235, Fax: +82-392-5440, amgrace3927@naver.com

Received 13 May 2014 Revised 23 May 2014 Accepted 19 September 2014

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-efficacy, social support, sense of community and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), including the direct and indirect effects of the variables on HRQoL.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 249 middle-aged and elderly residents living in a rural community in A-County, K Province. The structured questionnaire included 4 scales from the Euro Quality of life-5 Dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression), and measures of General Self-Efficacy, Social Support, and Sense of Community. Data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 20.0 and AMOS 21.0 program.

Results

The mean HRQoL score for the participants was 0.87±0.13. Self-efficacy (β=.13, p=.039) and age (β= -.38, p<.001) were significantly associated with HRQoL, explaining 21% of the variance. In the path analysis, self-efficacy showed a significant direct effect on HRQoL (β=.14, p=.040) and significantly mediating relationships between both social support (β=.05, p=.030) and sense of community (β=.02, p=.025) and HRQoL.

Conclusion

Although self-efficacy was found to be the main predictor for HRQoL, the findings imply that social environmental factors such as social support and sense of community need to be considered when developing interventions to increase HRQoL in middle-aged and elderly residents in rural communities.

Keywords: Quality of life, Self efficacy, Social support, Sense of community

Figures and Tables

Figure 1

Path model of health related quality of life.

Table 1

EQ-5D Levels according to General Characteristics (N=249)

^*Scheffé test result; ^†Missing data existed; ^‡Reported out of 24 listed chronic illness; EQ-5D=Euro Quality of life-5 Dimensions.

Table 2

Means and Range for Study Variables (N=249)

HRQoL=Health related quality of life; EQ-5D=Euro Quality of life-5 Dimensions.

Table 3

Regression Analysis for Variables Predicting Health related Quality of Life (N=249)

^*Dummy variable: 1=Male; ^†Dummy variable: 1=More than 10 years; ^‡Dummy variable: 1=None.

Table 4

Direct Effect, Indirect Effect and Total Effect in Modified Path Models (N=249)

^*Dummy variable: 1=Male; ^†Dummy variable: 1=More than 10 years; ^‡Dummy variable: 1=None; HRQoL=Health related quality of life; SMC=Squared multiple correlation.

Notes

This work was supported by the 2013 Faculty-Student Research Fund, College of Nursing, Yonsei University.

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