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Cho and Ahn: Development and Evaluation of Breastfeeding Promotion Program for Mothers with Breast Engorgement following Cesarean Birth
Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2014; 44(2): 170-178.

Published online: 30 April 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.2.170

Development and Evaluation of Breastfeeding Promotion Program for Mothers with Breast Engorgement following Cesarean Birth

Jeongsug Cho1, Sukhee Ahn2

1Academy of Oketani Breast Management, Seoul, Korea.

2College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Ahn, Sukhee. College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, 266 Munwha-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-747, Korea. Tel: +82-42-580-8324, Fax: +82-42-580-8309, sukheeahn@cnu.ac.kr

Received 29 November 2013       Revised 16 December 2013       Accepted 25 February 2014

© 2014 Korean Society of Nursing Science

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

Abstract

Purpose

This study was to develop a breastfeeding promotion program and to test effects of the program on levels of breast discomfort, breast size, sodium in breast milk, and type of feeding in mothers with breast engorgement following cesarean birth.

Methods

A non-synchronized non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used in this study. The participants were 70 postpartum mothers who were admitted to a postpartum care center and experienced breast engorgement following cesarean birth. The planned nursing intervention was the breastfeeding promotion program consisting of breast massage and 1:1 breastfeeding education, counseling, and support focusing on individualized problem solving provided for 10 days. Fifty-three women completed the program (experimental group 26, control group, 27). Measurements were level of breast discomfort, breast size, sodium in breast milk and type of feeding at pre and posttest.

Results

Women who participated in the program experienced lower scores for breast discomfort, greater decrease in breast size, lower levels of sodium in breast milk, and practiced breastfeeding more than those in the control group.

Conclusion

Results indicate that this breastfeeding promotion program is effective in reducing breast engorgement and improving breastfeeding practices, and is therefore recommended to enhance breastfeeding promotion practice in postpartum care centers.

Keywords: Breastfeeding, Massage, Engorgement, Breastmilk sodium, Cesarean birth

Figures and Tables

Figure 1
Measurement of breast size due to breast engorgement.
jkan-44-170-g001
Table 1
Breastfeeding Promotion Program for Women with Breast Engorgement following Cesarean Birth
jkan-44-170-i001
Table 2
Homogeneity Test for Participants' Characteristics between Experimental and Control Group (N=53)
jkan-44-170-i002

*Fisher's exact test; Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Table 3
Effects of Breastfeeding Promotion Program on Outcome Variables (N=53)
jkan-44-170-i003

Exp.=Experimental group (n=26); Cont.=Control group (n=27).

†Indicates chi-square test statistics for posttest.

Table 4
Changes in Type of Feeding between Pretest and Posttest for Each Group (N=53)
jkan-44-170-i004

*McNemar test; Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Notes

This manuscript is a condensed form of the first author's doctoral dissertation from Chungnam National University.

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