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Kim and Kim: Effects of 4% Hypertonic Saline Solution Mouthwash on Oral Health of Elders in Long Term Care Facilities
Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2014; 44(1): 13-20.

Published online: 28 February 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.1.13

Effects of 4% Hypertonic Saline Solution Mouthwash on Oral Health of Elders in Long Term Care Facilities

Ju Ok Kim1, Nam Cho Kim2

1Department of Nursing, Bucheon University, Bucheon, Korea.

2College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Kim, Nam Cho. College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Korea. Tel: +82-2-2258-7405, Fax: +82-2-2258-7772, kncpjo@catholic.ac.kr

Received 26 August 2013       Revised 11 September 2013       Accepted 16 December 2013

© 2014 Korean Society of Nursing Science

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

Abstract

Purpose

This study was done to examine the effects of 4% hypertonic saline solution mouthwash and tooth brushing education on the oral health of elders living in long term care facilities.

Methods

In this quasi-experimental study, the participants were assigned to a 2% experimental group (n=20), a 4% experimental group (n=20), and a control group (n=20). Data were analyzed using ANOVA, repeated measures ANOVA, Fisher exact test, Chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple response analysis with the SAS program.

Results

Regular tooth brushing and use of 4% hypertonic saline solution mouthwash by elders provided better oral health by decreasing xerostomia, oral tongue plaque, halitosis, and the number of oral bacteria.

Conclusion

The results indicate that regular tooth brushing with continuous 4% hypertonic saline solution mouth washing education promotes oral health for elders in long term care facilities, thus the dental care described in this study is recommended for elders in long term facilities.

Keywords: Hypertonic saline solution, Mouthwash, Oral health, Aged

Figures and Tables

Table 1
Homogeneity Test for General Characteristics (N=60)
jkan-44-13-i001

*One-way ANOVA; †Fisher exact test; Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; CD=The number of combined disease; GD=Long term care insurance grade; ADL=Activities of daily living; MD=Metal working dentures fixed stars.

Table 2
Homogeneity Test for Variables related to Oral Health (N=60)
jkan-44-13-i002

*One-way ANOVA; †Kruskal Wallis test; Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; IQR=Interquartile range; CFU=Colony forming unit (1=1×104).

Table 3
Comparison of Oral Health Status, Xerostomia, Oral Tongue Coating, Halitosis between Groups (N=60)
jkan-44-13-i003

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Table 4
Comparison of Number of Oral Bacteria (CFU) between Pre-test and Post-test 1 and 2 Weeks (N=60)
jkan-44-13-i004

*Wilcoxon signed ranks test; Exp=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; IQR=Interquartile range; CFU=Colony Forming Unit (1=1×104).

Notes

This article is a condensed form of the first author's doctoral thesis from The Catholic University of Korea.

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