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Park, Kang, and Kim: Types of Child Rearing Behavior of Parents during Early Childhood: Q-Methodological Approach
Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2013; 43(4): 486-496.

Published online: 30 August 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.4.486

Types of Child Rearing Behavior of Parents during Early Childhood: Q-Methodological Approach

Sun-Jung Park1, Kyung-Ah Kang2, Shin-Jeong Kim3

1Graduate School, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea.

2Department of Nursing, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea.

3Department of Nursing, Hallym University, Chunchon, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Kim, Shin-Jeong. Department of Nursing, Hallym University, 1 Okchun-dong, Chunchon 200-702, Korea. Tel: +82-33-248-2721, Fax: +82-33-248-2734, ksj@hallym.ac.kr

Received 26 February 2013       Accepted 13 June 2013

© 2013 Korean Society of Nursing Science

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the awareness of child rearing among parents of children in early childhood and to provide fundamental data for parent education programs according to child rearing type.

Methods

Q-methodology which provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each item was used. Forty Q items which were derived from a literature review and interviews with nurturing mothers were classified into a normal distribution using a 9-point scale. Collected data were analyzed using the QUANAL PC Program.

Results

Four types of parents' child rearing were identified. Type I was named 'affection-respect type', type II, 'concern-rule compliant type', type III, 'solicitude-model type', and type IV, 'geniality-encouragement type'.

Conclusion

For proper growth and development during early childhood, parents should have rational information and awareness of their child rearing type. Results of this study can be used as essential data to develop child rearing education programs according to parents' child rearing attitude.

Keywords: Early childhood, Parents, Child rearing

Figures and Tables

Table 1
Eigen Value, Variance, and Cumulative Percentage (N=40)
jkan-43-486-i001

Type I=Affection-respect type; Type II=Concern-rule compliant type; Type III=Solicitude-model type; Type IV=Geniality-encouragement type.

Table 2
Correlation Matrix between Types (N=40)
jkan-43-486-i002

Type I=Affection-respect type; Type II=Concern-rule compliant type; Type III=Solicitude-model type; Type IV=Geniality-encouragement type.

Table 3
Demographic Characteristics and Factor Weight for P-sample (N=40)
jkan-43-486-i003

Type I=Affection-respect type; Type II=Concern-rule compliant type; Type III=Solicitude-model type; Type IV=Geniality-encouragement type.

Table 4
Q-Statements on Z-Scores according to Types (N=40)
jkan-43-486-i004

Type I=Affection-respect type; Type II=Concern-rule compliant type; Type III=Solicitude-model type; Type IV=Geniality-encouragement type.

Table 5
Consensus Items and Average Z-scores (N=40)
jkan-43-486-i005

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