Journal List > J Korean Acad Nurs > v.42(6) > 1002868

TOOLS
Kim, Kim, Kim, and Choi: Psychometric Properties of Korean Minimal Insomnia Screening Scale
Original Article
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2012; 42(6): 853-860.

Published online: 31 December 2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.6.853

Psychometric Properties of Korean Minimal Insomnia Screening Scale

Inja Kim1, Sungjae Kim2, Beomjong Kim3, Heejung Choi4

1Department of Nursing, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea.

2College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

3Department of Business Administration, Seowon University, Cheongju, Korea.

4Department of Nursing, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Choi, Heejung. Department of Nursing, Konkuk University, 268 Chungwon-daero, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-701, Korea. Tel: +82-43-840-3954, Fax: +82-43-840-9329, hjchoi98@kku.ac.kr

Received 27 January 2012       Accepted 15 November 2012

© 2012 Korean Society of Nursing Science

Abstract

Purpose

The purposes of this study were to develop a Minimal Insomnia Screening Scale for Korean adults (KMISS) and to evaluate psychometric properties and discriminant ability of the developed scale.

Methods

Data from a cross-sectional survey of 959 Korean adults were analyzed to develop the summated insomnia scale, which was evaluated in terms of reliability, validity, and discriminant ability by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis.

Results

Item-total correlations ranged between .71-.79 and Cronbach's α was .87. Adequate validity was also evident. ROC-curve analysis showed area under ROC was .87 (95% CI: .84-.90) and identified the optimal cut-off score as ≤ 20 (sensitivity, .83; specificity, .75; positive/negative predictive values, .40/.95). Using this cut-off score, the prevalence of insomnia in the study sample was 26.3% and most frequent among women and the oldest group.

Conclusion

Data supports the psychometric properties of KMISS as a possible insomnia screening instrument. KMISS also shows promise as a convenient ultra-short screening measure of insomnia for adults and epidemiological studies in community health care settings.

Keywords: Sleep, Self-report, Questionnaire, Psychometrics

Figures and Tables

Table 1
Demographic Characteristics and Sleep Status of Participants according to Gold Standard (N=959)
jkan-42-853-i001
Table 2
Reliability of Korean Minimal Insomnia Screening Scale (KMISS)
jkan-42-853-i002
Table 3
Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV) and Youden's Index according to Cut-off Scores
jkan-42-853-i003
Table 4
Prevalence of Insomnia according to Different KMISS Cut-off Scores
jkan-42-853-i004

KMISS=Korean minimal insomnia screening scale.

Notes

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by Korean Government (NRF-2011-32A-H00007).

References

1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 2000. 4th ed. Washington, DC: Author.
2. Bewick V, Cheek L, Ball J. Statistics review 13: Receiver operating characteristic curves. Crit Care. 2004. 8:508–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/cc3000.
3. Bring J, Taube A. Introduction to medical statistics. 2006. Lund, Sweden: Studentlitteratur.
4. Broman JE, Smedje H, Mallon L, Hetta J. The Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale (MISS): A brief measure of sleeping difficulties. Ups J Med Sci. 2008. 113:131–142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/2000-1967-221.
5. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989. 28:193–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4.
6. Cho YW, Shin WC, Yun CH, Hong SB, Kim J, Earley CJ. Epidemiology of insomnia in Korean adults: Prevalence and associated factors. J Clin Neurol. 2009. 5:20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3988/jcn.2009.5.1.20.
7. Choi H, Kim S, Kim B, Kim I. Korean version of self-reported sleep questionnaires for research and parctice on sleep disturbance. Korean J Rehabil Nurs. 2012. 15:1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7587/kjrehn.2012.1.
8. DeVellis RF. Scale development: Theory and applications. 2012. 3rd ed. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications Inc.
9. Fischer JE, Bachmann LM, Jaeschke R. A readers' guide to the interpretation of diagnostic test properties: Clinical example of sepsis. Intensive Care Med. 2003. 29:1043–1051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-003-1761-8.
10. Hellström A, Hagell P, Fagerström C, William A. Measurement properties of the Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale (MISS) in an elderly population in Sweden. BMC Geriatr. 2010. 10(84):1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2318-10-84.
11. Korean Sleep Research Society. Information about sleep. 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2011. from http://www.sleepnet.or.kr/info/dont_sleep.php.
12. Katz DA, McHorney CA. The relationship between insomnia and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic illness. J Fam Pract. 2002. 51:229–235. Retrieved from http://www.jfponline.com/Pages.asp?AID=1136.
13. Lee KA. Self-reported sleep disturbances in employed women. Sleep. 1992. 15:493–498.
14. Mallon L, Broman JE, Hetta J. Relationship between insomnia, depression, and mortality: A 12 year follow-up of older adults in the community. Int Psychogeriatr. 2000. 12:295–306.
15. McDowell I. Measuring health: A guide to rating scales and questionnaires. 2006. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
16. McHorney CA, Tarlov AR. Individual-patient monitoring in clinical practice: Are available health status surveys adequate? Qual Life Res. 1995. 4:293–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01593882.
17. Nunnally JC, Bernstein IH. Psychometric theory. 1994. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc.
18. Okun ML, Kravitz HM, Sowers MF, Moul DE, Buysse DJ, Hall M. Psychometric evaluation of the Insomnia Symptom Questionnaire: A self-report measure to identify chronic insomnia. J Clin Sleep Med. 2009. 5:41–50.
19. Pallesen S, Bjorvatn B, Nordhus IH, Sivertsen B, Hjørnevik M, Morin CM. A new scale for measuring insomnia: The Bergen Insomnia Scale. Percept Mot Skills. 2008. 107:691–706.
20. Parrott AC, Hindmarch I. The Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire in psychopharmacological interventions-A review. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1980. 71:173–179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00434408.
21. Rao G. What is an ROC curve? J Fam Pract. 2003. 52:695.
22. Roth T, Drake C. Evolution of insomnia: Current status and future direction. Sleep Med. 2004. 5:Suppl 1. S23–S30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1389-9457(04)90004-4.
23. Shekleton JA, Rogers NL, Rajaratnam SM. Searching for the daytime impairments of primary insomnia. Sleep Med Rev. 2009. 14:47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2009.06.001.
24. Spector PE. Summated rating scale construction. 1992. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications Inc.
25. Ware E, Gandek B. Methods for testing data quality, scaling assumptions, and reliability: The IQOLA Project approach. J Clin Epidemiol. 1998. 51:945–952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0895-4356(98)00085-7.
26. Ware JE, Kosinski M, Turner-Bowker DM, Gandek B. How to score version 2 of the SF-12 Health Survey. 2002. Lincoln, RI: Quality Metric Incorporated.
27. World Health Organization. The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioral disorders: Diagnostic criteria for research. 1993. Geneva, Switzerland: Author.
28. Zhang B, Wing YK. Sex differences in insomnia: A meta-analysis. Sleep. 2006. 29:85–93.
TOOLS
Similar articles