This article has been retracted. See "Retraction: Risk Factors and Features of Critically Ill Patients with Deep Vein Thrombosis in Lower Extremities" in Volume 45 on page 157.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify the features, risk scores and risk factors for deep vein thrombosis in critically ill patients who developed deep vein thrombosis in their lower extremities.
Methods
The participants in this prospective descriptive study were 175 adult patients who did not receive any prophylactic medication or mechanical therapy during their admission in the intensive care unit.
Results
The mean age was 62.24 (± 17.28) years. Men made up 54.9% of the participating patients. There were significant differences in age, body mass index, and leg swelling between patients who developed deep vein thrombosis and those who did not have deep vein thrombosis. The mean risk score was 6.71(± 2.94) and they had on average 4.01(± 1.35) risk factors. In the multiple logistic regression, body mass index (odds ratio= 1.14) and leg swelling (odds ratio= 6.05) were significant predictors of deep vein thrombosis.
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Table 1.
Characteristics of Participants with DVT and without DVT (N=175)
| Characteristics | Categories | n (%) or M±SD | DVT(+) (n=27) | DVT(-) (n=148) | χ2 or F or t (p) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 62.24±17.28 | 69.56±12.57 | 60.91±17.72 | -3.06 (.004) | |
| BMI (kg/m2), (N=152) | 22.29±3.95 | 24.35±4.5 | 21.98±3.78 | -2.54 (.012) | |
| ICU stay (days) | 13.09±13.43 | 16.04±15.06 | 12.55±13.01 | -1.24 (.215) | |
| DVT risk scores | 6.71±2.94 | 7.22±2.78 | 6.62±2.97 | -0.98 (.330) | |
| DVT risk level | low (0-1) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) | |
| Moderate (2) | 7 (4.0) | 1 (3.7) | 6 (4.1) | (.865)* | |
| High (3-4) | 34 (19.4) | 4 (14.8) | 30 (20.3) | ||
| Highest (≥5) | 133 (76.0) | 22 (81.5) | 111 (75.0) | ||
| Gender | Male | 96 (54.9) | 17 (63.0) | 79 (53.4) | 0.85 (.405) |
| Female | 79 (45.1) | 10 (37.0) | 69 (46.6) | ||
| Ward | MICU | 61 (35.0) | 13 (48.1) | 48 (32.7) | 2.41(.130) |
| SICU | 113 (65.0) | 14 (51.9) | 99 (67.3) | ||
| Operation | No | 118 (67.4) | 20 (74.1) | 98 (66.2) | 0.64 (.507) |
| Yes | 57 (32.6) | 7 (25.9) | 50 (33.8) | ||
| Severity† | Level 3 | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) | 0.19 (.911) |
| Level 4 | 26 (14.9) | 4 (14.8) | 22 (15.0) | ||
| Level 5 | 147 (84.5) | 23 (85.2) | 124 (84.3) | ||
| Level of consciousness | Alert | 38 (21.7) | 5 (18.5) | 33 (22.3) | 1.54 (.674) |
| Drowsy | 45 (25.7) | 6 (22.2) | 39 (26.4) | ||
| Stupor | 31 (17.7) | 7 (25.9) | 24 (16.2) | ||
| Coma/Sedation | 61 (34.9) | 9 (33.3) | 52 (35.1) | ||
| Mortality | Death | 31 (17.7) | 4 (14.8) | 27 (18.2) | 0.18 (.668) |
| Alive | 144 (82.3) | 23 (85.2) | 121 (81.8) | ||
| Swollen legs | No | 167 (95.4) | 23 (85.2) | 144 (97.3) | (.021)* |
| Yes | 8 (4.6) | 4 (14.8) | 4 (2.7) | ||
| Pneumonia | No | 156 (89.1) | 23 (85.2) | 133 (89.9) | (.501)* |
| (<1 month) | Yes | 19 (10.9) | 4 (14.8) | 15 (10.1) | |
| History of prior major surgery | No | 166 (94.9) | 26 (96.3) | 140 (94.6) | (1.000)* |
| (<1 month) | Yes | 9 (5.1) | 1 (3.7) | 8 (5.4) | |
| Central venous | No | 77 (44.0) | 14 (51.9) | 63 (42.6) | 0.80 (.404) |
| access | Yes | 98 (56.0) | 13 (48.1) | 85 (57.4) | |
| Mechanical | No | 55 (31.4) | 8 (29.6) | 47 (31.8) | 0.04 (1.000) |
| ventilation | Yes | 120 (68.6) | 19 (70.4) | 101 (68.2) | |
| Malignancy | No | 147 (84.0) | 20 (74.1) | 127 (85.8) | 2.34 (.152) |
| (present or previous) | Yes | 28 (16.0) | 7 (25.9) | 21 (14.2) | |
| Chronic obstructive | No | 169 (96.6) | 25 (92.6) | 144 (97.3) | (.232)* |
| pulmonary disease | Yes | 6 (3.4) | 2 (7.4) | 4 (2.7) | |
| Patients confined to | No | 133 (76.0) | 20 (74.1) | 113 (76.4) | 0.07 (.809) |
| bed (>72 hours) | Yes | 42 (24.0) | 7 (25.9) | 35 (23.6) |
Table 2.
Risk Factors and Scores of DVT in ICU Patients (N=175)