Journal List > J Korean Acad Nurs > v.42(3) > 1002810

Yoo, Kim, Cho, Shin, and Kim: The Effects of Pre-operative Visual Information and Parental Presence Intervention on Anxiety, Delirium, and Pain of Post-Operative Pediatric Patients in PACU

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to test whether pre-operative visual information and parental presence had positive effects on anxiety, delirium, and pain in pediatric patients who awoke from general anesthesia in a post-surgical stage.

Methods

This study used a non equivalent control-group post test design (n=76). Independent variables were provision of pre-operative visual information and parental presence for post-surgical pediatric patients in PACU (post anesthesia care unit). Dependent variables were anxiety, delirium, and pain in the pediatric patients measured three times at 10 minute intervals after extubation in the PACU. Measurements included Numerical Rating Scale for assessing state anxiety, Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale by Sikich & Lerman (2004) for delirium, and Objective Pain Scale by Broadman, Rice & Hannallah (1988) for pain.

Results

Experimental group showed significantly decreased state anxiety at time points-10, 20, and 30 minutes after extubation. Delirium was significantly lower at 10 minutes and 30 minutes after extubation in the experimental group. Pain was significantly lower at 10 minutes after extubation in the experimental group.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that this intervention can be a safe pre-operative nursing intervention for post-surgical pediatric patients at PACU.

Figures and Tables

Figure 1
Research design.
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Table 1
General Characteristics of Participants (N=76)
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*Fisher's exact test.

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Table 2
Surgery related Characteristics
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*Fisher's exact test.

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Table 3
The Scores of State Anxiety, Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium and Pain after Intervention
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Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Table 4
Scores of State Anxiety, Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale, Pain after Intervention using Repeated Measures ANOVA
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NRS=Numerical Rating Scale; PAEDS=Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale; OPS=Objective Pain Scale.

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