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Kim: Factors Associated with Human Papillomavirus related Stigma, Shame, and Intent of HPV Test
Original Article
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2012; 42(2): 217-225.

Published online: 30 April 2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.2.217

Factors Associated with Human Papillomavirus related Stigma, Shame, and Intent of HPV Test

Hae Won Kim

Professor, Department of Nursing, Kwandong University, Gangreung, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Kim, Hae Won. Department of Nursing, Kwandong University, 522 Naegok-dong, Gangreung. Tel: +82-33-649-7613, 010-5434-2143, Fax: +82-33-649-7620, hwkim@kd.ac.kr

Received 8 August 2011       Accepted 26 April 2012

© 2012 Korean Society of Nursing Science

Abstract

Purpose

This study was conducted to examine the factors associated with HPV (Human Papillomavirus) related stigma, shame and intent to have HPV test among adult women.

Methods

Data were collected from December 1, 2009 to January 31, 2010, and participants were 324 women who visited an obstetric gynecologic clinic. They anticipated testing positive for HPV. Then HPV related stigma, shame, intent to have HPV testing and HPV knowledge were measured. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis test and multivariate adjusted logistic regression were used for data analysis.

Results

The levels of stigma and shame were higher than average. Intent to have HPV test was high and HPV knowledge was low. Women who answered that HPV is not sexually transmitted had lower HPV stigma than did women who answered they didn't know (OR=0.20, 95%CI 0.06-0.68). Women with lower stigma showed lower intent to have HPV test than women with higher stigma (OR=0.46, 95%CI 0.26-0.82).

Conclusion

Basic HPV information should be fully understood for women especially prior to HPV test. Normalizing HPV stigma is necessary for women who perceive HPV as sexually transmitted and women intending to have HPV test.

Keywords: Papillomavirus vaccines, Cervix cancer, Sexually transmitted infection, Social stigma, Shame

Figures and Tables

Table 1
Socio-Demographic & Obstetric Characteristics (N=324)
jkan-42-217-i001

HPV=Human Papillomavirus.

Table 2
Descriptive Statistics of HPV related Variables (N=324)
jkan-42-217-i002

HPV=Human Papillomavirus.

Table 3
Differences in HPV related Stigma, Shame and Intent to have HPV Test by HPV Knowledge
jkan-42-217-i003

Z: Mann-Whitney U test; χ2: Kruskal Wallis test; HPV=Human Papillomavirus.

Table 4
Differences in HPV related Stigma, Shame and Intent to have HPV Test by Socio-demographics and Obstetric Characteristics
jkan-42-217-i004

Z: Mann-Whitney U test; *χ2: Kruskal Wallis test; HPV=Human Papillomavirus.

Table 5
Factors Associated with HPV Stigma, Shame and Intent to have HPV test; Adjusted Logistic Regression
jkan-42-217-i005

Ref.=Reference; Adj. OR=Adjusted Odds Ratio; CI=Confidence interval; HPV=Human Papillomavirus; STD=Sexually transmitted disease.

Notes

This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2009-0071483)

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