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Park, Seo, and Kim: Meta Analysis of Variables Related to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in School-Age Children
Original Article
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2011; 41(2): 256-268.

Published online: 30 April 2011

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.2.256

Meta Analysis of Variables Related to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in School-Age Children

Wan Ju Park1, Ji Yeong Seo2, Mi Ye Kim3

1Assistant Professor, College of Nursing, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.

2Full-time Lecturer, Department of Nursing, Youngnam Foreign Language College, Gyeongsan, Korea.

3Professor, College of Nursing, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Seo, Ji Yeong. Department of Nursing, Youngnam Foreign Language College, 220-1 Hyeopseok-ri, Namcheon-myeon, Gyeongsan 712-717, Korea. Tel: +82-53-810-7763, Fax: +82-53-810-0199, marseo@hanmail.net

Received 13 August 2010       Accepted 15 April 2011

© 2011 Korean Society of Nursing Science

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to use meta-analysis to examine recent domestic articles related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in school-age children.

Methods

After reviewing 213 articles published between 1990 and 2009 from and cited in RISS, KISS, and DBpia, the researchers identified 24 studies with 440 research variables that had appropriate data for methodological study. SPSS 17.0 program was used. The outcome variables were divided into five types: Inattention, hyperactive impulsive, intrinsic, extrinsic, and academic ability variables.

Results

Effects size of overall core symptoms was 0.47 which is moderate level in terms of Cohen criteria and effects size of overall negative variables related ADHD was 0.27 which is small level. The most dominant variable related to ADHD was obtained from hyperactive-impulsive (0.70). Also academic ability (0.45), inattention (0.37), and intrinsic variables (0.29) had a small effect whereas extrinsic variables (0.13) had little effect on descriptive ADHD study.

Conclusion

The results reveal that ADHD core symptoms have moderate effect size and peripheral negative variables related ADHD have small effect size. To improve the reliability of the meta-analysis results by minimizing publication bias, more intervention studies using appropriate study designs should be done.

Keywords: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, School-age, Meta-analysis

Figures and Tables

Figure 1
Flow of study analysis through the different phases of the systemic review.
jkan-41-256-g001
Figure 2
Effect size of each target outcome according to all students.
ES=effect size; AP=attention problem; HI=hyperactivity/Impulse; IF=intrinsic factors; EF=extrinsic factors; AA=academic ability.
jkan-41-256-g002
Figure 3
Effect size difference (error bars indicates 95% CIs).
AP=attention problem; HI=hyperactivity/Impulse; IF=intrinsic factors; EF=extrinsic factors; AA=academic ability.
jkan-41-256-g003
Table 1
Summary of Characteristics of ADHD Studies (N=24)
jkan-41-256-i001

Elem=elementary school; gr=grade; AP=attention problem; HI=hyperactivity/impulse; IF=intrinsic factors; EF=extrinsic factors; AA=academic ability; ADHD-I=predominantly inattentive type; ADHD-HI=predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type.

Table 2
Effect Size of Target Outcome Variables according to Overall Subjects
jkan-41-256-i002

AP=attention problem; HI=hyperactivity/Impulse; IF=intrinsic factors; EF=extrinsic factors; AA=academic ability.

Table 3
Effect Size of Target Outcome Variables according to General Characteristics
jkan-41-256-i003

ADHD-I=predominantly inattentive type; ADHD-HI=predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type; ADHD-C=combined type; AP=attention problem; HI=hyperactivity/Impulse; IF=intrinsic factors; EF= extrinsic factors; AA=academic ability.

Table 4
Effect Size of Diagnosis, Treatment and Subtypes according to Grades
jkan-41-256-i004

ADHD-I=predominantly inattentive type; ADHD-HI=predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type; ADHD-C=combined type; AP=attention problem; HI=hyperactivity/Impulse; IF=intrinsic factors; EF=extrinsic factors; AA=academic ability.

Table 5
Effect Size of Subtypes according to Diagnosis and Treatment
jkan-41-256-i005

ADHD-I=predominantly inattentive type; ADHD-HI=predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type; ADHD-C=combined type; AP=attention problem; HI=hyperactivity/Impulse; IF=intrinsic factors; EF=extrinsic factors; AA=academic ability.

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