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Shin and Kim: Analysis of Relationships between Parenting Stress, Maternal Depression, and Behavioral Problems in Children at Risk for Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder
Original Article
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2010; 40(3): 453-461.

Published online: 30 June 2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.3.453

Analysis of Relationships between Parenting Stress, Maternal Depression, and Behavioral Problems in Children at Risk for Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder

Hee Sun Shin1, Jeong Mee Kim2

1Researcher, The Environmental Health Center, Dankook University Medical Center · Professor, Department of Nursing, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.

2Assistant Professor, Department of Social Welfare, Baekseok Arts University, Seoul, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Shin, Hee Sun. Department of Nursing, Dankook University, 29 Anseo-dong, Cheonan 330-714, Korea. Tel: 82-41-550-3882, Fax: 82-41-550-3888, sw724@dankook.ac.kr

Received 2 April 2010       Accepted 15 June 2010

Copyright © 2010 Korean Society of Nursing Science

Abstract

Purpose

In this study differences in behavioral problems between children at risk for Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) and normally developing children were identified. Further, relationships between parental stress, depression, and child behavioral problems according to ADHD symptoms were explored.

Methods

Participants were 222 elementary school children and their parents. The ADHD risk group was determined by the Korean-ADHD Rating Scale. Data were collected using the Korean-ADHD Rating Scale, Korean version of Child Behavior CheckList (K-CBCL), Parenting Stress Index, and Beck Depression Inventory. Data were analyzed using t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and regression analysis.

Results

1) The ADHD risk group showed higher levels of behavioral problems, parenting stress, and maternal depression than the normal group. 2) There were significant relationships between ADHD scores and parenting stress (r=.66), maternal depression (r=.35), internal behavioral problems (r=.47), and external problems (r=.55), but, ADHD risk scores were negatively correlated with social competence (r=-.40). 3) The regression analysis revealed that ADHD levels affected the child's internal behavioral problems, mediated by maternal depression (β=.29, p<.001).

Conclusion

The study results show that higher risk scores for ADHD indicate a significant effect for behavioral problems. Also, parenting stress and depression influence child's behavioral problems. These results suggest that identification of children at risk for ADHD and development of parental education programs would contribute to the prevention of behavioral problems and aggravation of the ADHD symptoms.

Keywords: Attention deficit hyperactive disorder, Child behavior problem, Parenting stress, Depression

Figures and Tables

Figure 1
The relationship between symptom of ADHD and child's internal problems.
jkan-40-453-g001
Figure 2
The relationship between symptom of ADHD and child's external problems.
jkan-40-453-g002
Table 1
Comparison of the Characteristics of Children and Mothers for the Two Groups (N=222)
jkan-40-453-i001

***p≤.001.

Table 2
Correlation among Variables
jkan-40-453-i002

***p≤.001; **p<.010; *p<.050.

Table 3
Mediation Effect of Mother's Depression on the Influence of the Symptom of ADHD on Child's Internal Behavior
jkan-40-453-i003

***p<.001.

Table 4
Mediation Effect of Mother's Depression on the Influence of the Symptom of ADHD on Child's External Behavior
jkan-40-453-i004

***p<.001.

Notes

This work was supported by a Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (KRF-2008-E00162).

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