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Park and Choi: The Effect of Pre-warming for Patients under Abdominal Surgery on Body Temperature, Anxiety, Pain, and Thermal Comfort
Original Article
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2010; 40(3): 317-325.

Published online: 30 June 2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.3.317

The Effect of Pre-warming for Patients under Abdominal Surgery on Body Temperature, Anxiety, Pain, and Thermal Comfort

Ok Bun Park1, Heejung Choi2

1Head Nurse, Operation Room, Konkuk University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

2Professor, Department of Nursing, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Park, Ok Bun. Operation Room, Konkuk University Hospital, 4-12 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-729, Korea. Tel: 82-2-2030-5463, Fax: 82-2-2030-5422, bada@kuh.ac.kr

Received 22 July 2009       Accepted 19 May 2010

Copyright © 2010 Korean Society of Nursing Science

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of pre-warming on body temperature, anxiety, pain, and thermal comfort.

Methods

Forty patients who were scheduled for abdominal surgery were recruited as study participants and were assigned to the experimental or control group. For the experimental group, a forced air warmer was applied for 45-90 min (M=68.25, SD=15.50) before surgery. Body temperature and anxiety were measured before and after the experiment, but pain and thermal comfort were assessed only after the surgery. Hypotheses were tested using t-test and repeated measured ANOVA.

Results

The experimental group showed higher body temperature than the control group from right before induction to two hours after surgery. Post-operative anxiety and pain in the experimental group were less than those of the control group. In addition, the score of thermal comfort was significantly higher in the experiment group.

Conclusion

Pre-warming is effective in maintaining body temperature, lowering sensitivity to pain and anxiety, and promoting thermal comfort. Therefore, pre-warming can be recommended as a preoperative nursing intervention.

Keywords: Preoperative care, Body temperature, Anxiety, Pain, Temperature sense

Figures and Tables

Figure 1
Study design.
jkan-40-317-g001
Figure 2
Body temperature change for one hour from induction.
jkan-40-317-g002
Table 1
Homogeneity between Experimental Group and Control Group
jkan-40-317-i001

STAI=State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; VAS=Visual analogue scale.

Table 2
Mean differences in Body Temperature (℃), Anxiety, Pain and Thermal Comfort
jkan-40-317-i002

*The number of person who was taken the additional pain medicine for 2 hr since end of surgery.

VAS=Visual analogue scale; STAI=State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.

Table 3
Repeated Measure ANOVA of Intra-operative Body Temperature
jkan-40-317-i003

Notes

This study is a part of first author's master's thesis.

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