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Na and Yang: Effects of Listening to Music on Auditory Hallucination and Psychiatric Symptoms in People with Schizophrenia
Original Article
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2009; 39(1): 62-71.

Published online: 28 February 2009

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2009.39.1.62

Effects of Listening to Music on Auditory Hallucination and Psychiatric Symptoms in People with Schizophrenia

Hyun-Joo Na1, Soo Yang2

1Research Assistant, College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.

2Professor, College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Yang, Soo. College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Korea. Tel: 82-2-590-1290, Fax: 82-2-590-1297, sooy@catholic.ac.kr

Received 1 September 2008       Accepted 19 January 2009

Copyright © 2009 Korean Society of Nursing Science

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of listening to music in inpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia, on their auditory hallucinations, and positive and negative symptoms.

Methods

A quasi-experimental research design with 2×2 cross-over trial and convenience sample was used. Eleven patients (Group AB) listened to music followed by a wash out period and then a usual care period, and 12 patients (Group BA) had a usual care period followed by a wash out period and then listened to music. For one week those who were in the experimental period listened to individualized music using an MP3 player whenever they heard hallucinations.

Results

There was a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of auditory hallucinations after listening to the music. There was a decrease in the mean scores for positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and general psychopathology after listening to music, but only negative symptoms showed a statistically significant decrease. The treatment effects on scores for positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and general psychopathology were greater in Group BA than Group AB.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that listening to music may be useful for managing auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia inpatients.

Keywords: Auditory hallucination, Schizophrenia

Figures and Tables

Figure 1
Research design.
Period I=Group AB listened to music and Group BA had usual care; Washout period=This period was to prevent carry-over effect of period I; Period II=Group BA listened to music and Group AB had usual care; CAHQ=The Characteristic of Auditory Hallucination Questionnaire; PANSS=Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.
jkan-39-62-g001
Table 1
General Characteristics and Homogeneity Test between Two Groups
jkan-39-62-i001

*Fisher's exact test.

Group AB=patients listened to music followed by usual care period; Group BA=patients had usual care period followed by listening to music.

Table 2
Homogeneity of Research Variables between Two Groups
jkan-39-62-i002

Group AB=patients listened to music followed by usual care period; Group BA=patients had usual care period followed by listening to music; CAHQ=The Characteristic of Auditory Hallucination Questionnaire; PANSS=Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.

Table 3
Comparison of Change in CAHQ between Two Groups
jkan-39-62-i003

*p<.05.

Group AB=patients listened to music followed by usual care period; Group BA=patients had usual care period followed by listening to music; CAHQ=The Characteristic of Auditory Hallucination Questionnaire.

Table 4
Comparison of Change in PANSS between Two Groups
jkan-39-62-i004

*p<.05.

Group AB=patients listened to music followed by usual care period; Group BA=patients had usual care period followed by listening to music; PANSS=Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.

Notes

This study is a part of master's thesis.

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