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Abstract
Background
The aims of this study were to compare adipokine concentrations of pregnant women in the 24th~28th weeks of gestation to those of non-pregnant women. We compared the concentrations of adipokines in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), gestational impaired glucose tolerance (GIGT) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT). We also investigated the role of adipokines in the development of gestational glucose intolerance.
Methods
We surveyed 129 pregnant women who underwent a 100 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) during the 24th~28th weeks of gestation. Participants were classified into three groups: (1) NGT (n = 40), (2) GIGT (n = 45), and (3) GDM (n = 44). Pregnant subjects with NGT were matched to non-pregnant controls for BMI and age (n = 41).
Results
Pregnant women with NGT exhibited significantly decreased adiponectin levels and elevated leptin levels compared to non-pregnant controls. Mean plasma resistin levels were significantly higher in women with GDM and GIGT than in women with NGT. Resistin and fasting glucose were significant predictors for the development of gestational glucose intolerance.
Conclusion
Plasma adiponectin levels were decreased and leptin levels were increased in pregnant subjects with NGT compared to BMI and age matched non-pregnant controls. Women with GDM and GIGT exhibit significantly elevated concentrations of resistin compared with women with NGT. Increased resistin levels were also associated with the development of gestational glucose intolerance. Resistin may play an important role on the development of gestational glucose intolerance in Korean women.
Figures and Tables
Table 1
Comparison of anthropometric and biomedical characteristics of non-pregnant subjects and pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance
Data are means ± standard deviation. P-values are calculated by t-test analysis. BMI, body mass index; HDL-cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model for insulin resistance; HOMA2%B, percent B-cell function calculated using the HOMA2 Computer model; hs-CRP, high sensitive C-reactive protein; LDL-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.
Table 2
Comparison of clinical characteristics and the concentrations of plasma glucose, lipid, adipokines, hs-CRP and insulin resistance index according to glucose metabolism status
Data are means ± standard deviation. P-values are calculated by one-way ANOVA. AUCG, the area under curve for glucose; BMI, body mass index; GDM, Group of women with gestational diabetes mellitus; GIGT, Group of women with gestational impaired glucose tolerance; Glucose GCT, glucose after load of 50 g glucose during glucose challenge test; HDL-cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model for insulin resistance; HOMA2%B, percent B-cell function calculated using the HOMA2 Computer model; hs-CRP, high sensitive C-reactive protein; LDL-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; NGT, Group of pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; TG, triglyceride.
Table 3
Multiple logistic regression analysis to identify factors for the development of gestational impaired glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes mellitus
Table 4
Factors correlated with the plasma levels of adipokines determined by regression analysis
Correlation coefficient (r) are shown. *P < 0.05, †P < 0.01, ‡P < 0.001. Correlation coefficients and P values were calculated using Pearson correlation analysis. Multiple regression analysis was done with stepwise method. Parameters indicated by NA are those not accepted as significant for stepwise multiple regression analysis. AUCG, the area under curve for glucose; BMI, body mass index; HDL, high density lipoprotein; HDL cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA IR, homeostasis model for insulin resistance; HOMA2%B, percent B-cell function calculated using the HOMA2 Computer model; hs-CRP, high sensitive C-reactive protein; TG, triglyceride.
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