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Abstract
Background
The food exchange-based meal plan is effective in controlling dietary energy intake with a macronutrient balance. However, it is difficult to practice for relatively low-literacy patients. As an alternative, we developed a system employing a standardized-sized bowl and investigated its effectiveness on achieving proper energy intake and macronutrient composition and patient compliance, compared to the conventional food exchange system in Korean type 2 diabetes patients.
Methods
Eighty subjects with type 2 diabetes were assigned to both the novel bowl-based meal plan group (BG) and the food exchange-based meal plan group (ExG). BG received limited simple instructions for the plan. Time spent for plan instruction was 10 min for BG and 40 min for ExG. Dietary energy and macronutrient intake were estimated with 3-day dietary records and patient comprehension of the plan was estimated with a 5-point Likert scale.
Results
After 12 weeks, dietary energy compliance showed no difference between the groups (BG: 103 ± 10%, ExG: 101 ± 17%). Both groups showed significant reduction in carbohydrate and protein intake and there was no difference in the proportion of carbohydrate, protein and fat in energy intake between the groups despite the shorter instruction time for BG. Following the instruction period, there was no difference in the understanding score between the groups.
Conclusion
This bowl-based plan was equally effective as the food exchange-based plan in controlling dietary energy intake and macronutrient composition, as well as patient comprehension and compliance. Our novel plan may allow for more cost-effective methods in terms of time needed for plan instruction.
Figures and Tables
Table 5
Change in blood pressure, glycemic control and plasma lipids
The values were presented as mean ± standard deviation. *P-values < 0.05 for comparison between baseline and intervention. †P-vales < 0.05 for comparison between BG and ExG. BG, bowl-based meal plan group; ExG, food exchange-based meal plan group; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL-Cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-Cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; PIBW, percentage of ideal body weight.
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