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Lee, Lee, Lee, and Lee: Expression of MAGE A 1-6 and SSX 1-9 Genes in the Sputum and Cancer Tissue of the Lung Cancer Patients
Original Article
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases

Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 2011; 70(4): 315-322.

Published online: 30 April 2011

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2011.70.4.315

Expression of MAGE A 1-6 and SSX 1-9 Genes in the Sputum and Cancer Tissue of the Lung Cancer Patients

Yeun Jae Lee, M.D., Ph.D.1, Jang Hoon Lee, M.D., Ph.D.2, Jung Cheul Lee, M.D., Ph.D.2, Kwan Ho Lee, M.D., Ph.D.3

1Leeyeunjae Meck Clinic, Daegu, Korea.

2Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.

3Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.

Address for correspondence: Jung Cheul Lee, M.D. Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yeungnam University Medical Center, 317-1, Daemyungdong, Daegu 705-717, Korea. Phone: 82-53-620-3882, Fax: 82-53-626-8660, jclee@med.yu.ac.kr

Received 5 January 2011       Accepted 4 April 2011

Copyright © 2011. The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases. All rights reserved.

Abstract

Background

A variety of diagnostic modalities for lung cancer have been developed. To achieve efficient and early detection of lung cancer, we tried to measure the expression rates of the melanoma associated gene (MAGE) and synovial sarcoma on X chromosome (SSX) genes.

Methods

We designed primers for the SSX gene. In addition to the pre-developed MAGE A primer, using an SSX gene primer was attempted to increase the detection rate. We obtained cancer tissues and cancer-free lung tissues from resected lung, sputum from lung cancer patients who had not undergone surgery, and sputum from healthy people and patients with benign intrathoracic diseases.

Results

The sensitivity of the MAGE or SSX gene RT-PCR to identifying cancer tissue of the 69 lung cancer patients was 95.2% for squamous cell carcinoma (scc), 87.0% for adenocarcinoma, and 100% for small cell carcinoma. The mean sensitivity value was 94.2% (p=0.001). For adenocarcinoma, the additional use of the SSX gene resulted in a higher expression rate than MAGE alone (87% vs. 69.6%). The expression rate for the cancer-free lung tissue was 14.3% in scc, 17.4% in adenocarcinoma, and 25.0% in small cell carcinoma. In the induced sputum of 49 lung cancer patients who had not undergone surgery, the expression rate for one of the two genes was 65.5%. The expression rate for the sputum of healthy people and benign intrathoracic diseases by MAGE or SSX gene reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was 3.8% and 17.7%.

Conclusion

Detecting lung cancer using the expression of MAGE and SSX genes in lung cancer tissue has high sensitivity.

Keywords: Lung Neoplasms, Genes

Figures and Tables

Figure 1
Electrophoresis of MAGE (A), SSX gene (B) and GAPD (C) RT-PCR products in ten sputa of lung cancer patients. MAGE: melanoma associated gene; SSX: synovial sarcoma on X chromosome; GAPD: glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase; RT-PCR: reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; SM: size markers.
trd-70-315-g001
Table 1
Specimens used for MAGE and SSX gene expression
trd-70-315-i001

*Values are presented as mean±SD.

MAGE: melanoma associated gene; SSX: synovial sarcoma on X chromosome; M: male; F: female; SD: standard deviation.

Table 2
Expression rates of MAGE and SSX gene RT-PCR for lung cancer tissue
trd-70-315-i002

p-values were obtained by χ2 test.

*There is a higher expression rate in MAGE or SSX than SSX alone and it has a statistically significance in squamous cell carcinoma, †There is higher expression rate in MAGE or SSX than SSX alone but it has not statistically significance in adenocarcinoma, ‡There is a higher expression rate in MAGE or SSX than SSX alone and it has a statistically significance in lung cancer tissue.

MAGE: melanoma associated gene; SSX: synovial sarcoma on X chromosome; SQCC: squamous cell cancer; ADC: adenocarcinoma; SMCC: small cell carcinoma; RT-PCR: reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; NT: not tested.

Table 3
Expression rates of MAGE and SSX gene RT-PCR for cancer-free lung tissue
trd-70-315-i003

MAGE: melanoma associated gene; SSX: synovial sarcoma on X chromosome; SQCC: squamous cell cancer; ADC: adenocarcinoma; RT-PCR: reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Table 4
Expression rates of MAGE and SSX gene RT-PCR for the induced sputum of lung cancer patients
trd-70-315-i004

p-values were obtained by χ2 test.

*There is a higher expression rate increasing T-stage but it has not statistically significance.

MAGE: melanoma associated gene; SSX: synovial sarcoma on X chromosome; RT-PCR: reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Table 5
Expression rates of MAGE and SSX gene RT-PCR for the sputum of healthy people and benign diseases
trd-70-315-i005

MAGE: melanoma associated gene; SSX: synovial sarcoma on X chromosome; RT-PCR: reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Table 6
Expression rates of MAGE and SSX gene RT-PCR in benign diseases
trd-70-315-i006

CGI: chronic granulomatous inflammation; MAGE: melanoma associated gene; SSX: synovial sarcoma on X chromosome; RT-PCR: reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

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