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Abstract
Lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer death in the United States and worldwide. About 80∼90% of cases are smoking-related and smoking cessation programs are of great importance in reducing lung cancer risk. However, the lifetime risk for lung cancer remains elevated even in ex-smokers. Chemoprevention holds the promise to further reduce this risk and thus to decrease lung cancer incidence and mortality. Over the last decades, most chemoprevention trials for lung cancer have yielded negative outcomes. Population-based studies suggest that high intake of certain foods such as soy, red wine or green vegetables may be associated with decreased cancer risk. Because of these observations and their general safety, a plethora of natural compounds is currently being studied for the chemoprevention of cancer. In this review we discuss promising in vitro and in vivo data of novel natural compounds, their interference with molecular mechanisms responsible for lung cancer development and potential implications for their further preclinical and clinical investigation.
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120.Fan E., Jiang S., Zhang L., Bai Y. Molecular mechanism of apoptosis induction by resveratrol, a natural cancer chemopreventive agent. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2008. 78:3–8.
121.Breen DM., Sanli T., Giacca A., Tsiani E. Stimulation of muscle cell glucose uptake by resveratrol through sir-tuins and AMPK. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008. 374:117–22.
122.Park CE., Kim MJ., Lee JH., Min BI., Bae H., Choe W, et al. Resveratrol stimulates glucose transport in C2C12 myotubes by activating AMP-activated protein kinase. Exp Mol Med. 2007. 39:222–9.
123.Pan W., Yang H., Cao C., Song X., Wallin B., Kivlin R, et al. AMPK mediates curcumin-induced cell death in CaOV3 ovarian cancer cells. Oncol Rep. 2008. 20:1553–9.
124.Ahn J., Lee H., Kim S., Park J., Ha T. The anti-obesity effect of quercetin is mediated by the AMPK and MAPK signaling pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008. 373:545–9.
125.Hwang JT., Kim SH., Lee MS., Yang HJ., Kim MJ., Kim HS, et al. Anti-obesity effects of ginsenoside Rh2 are associated with the activation of AMPK signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocyte. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007. 364:1002–8.
126.Lee ES., Uhm KO., Lee YM., Han M., Lee M., Park JM, et al. CAPE (caffeic acid phenethyl ester) stimulates glucose uptake through AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) activation in skeletal muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007. 361:854–8.
127.Liang KW., Yin SC., Ting CT., Lin SJ., Hsueh CM., Chen CY, et al. Berberine inhibits platelet-derived growth factor-induced growth and migration partly through an AMPK-dependent pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008. 590:343–54.
Table 1.
Phytochemicals with potential lung cancer chemopreventive effects
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