Journal List > Tuberc Respir Dis > v.65(3) > 1001269

TOOLS
Chin, Lee, Park, Son, Lee, Yu, Shin, Chung, and Kim: Prevalence and Risk Factors of Depression in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Original Article
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases

Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 2008; 65(3): 191-197.

Published online: 30 September 2008

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2008.65.3.191

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Depression in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Hyun Jung Chin, M.D.1, Kwan Ho Lee, M.D.1, Chan Soh Park, M.D.1, Chang Woo Son, M.D.1, Hi-young Lee, M.D.1, Sung Ken Yu, M.D.1, Kyeong Cheol Shin, M.D.1, Jin Hong Chung, M.D.1, Jung Youp Kim2

1Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea.

2Elderly Welfare Department, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Korea.

Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 371-1, Daemyeong-dong, Nam-gu, Daegu 705-717, Korea. Phone: 82-53-620-3838, Fax: 82-53-623-8201, ghlee@med.yu.ac.kr

Received 28 July 2008       Accepted 1 September 2008

Copyright © 2008 The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases

Abstract

Background

Due to the irreversible nature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the treatment aim in patients with COPD is not to cure but to reduce the symptoms, increase lung function, and improve the quality of life. It has been suggested that depression is a common emotional disturbance in patients with COPD who are faced with a major physical impairment and embarrassing symptoms. This study evaluated the prevalence and risk factors of depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Methods

A total of 59 patients with a registered diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were selected. Depression was assessed using the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. The quality of life was assessed using the Korean version of the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire.

Results

The prevalence of depression was 17.0%. In the correlation model, the interaction of the FEV1% over predicted value and SGRQ score(symptom, activity, impact, overall score) was statistically significant. The interaction of the FEV1% over predicted value and depression scale(CES-D) was also statistically significant. There was a positive correlation between the SGRQ scores(symptom, activity, impact, overall score) and the depression scale.

Conclusion

The prevalence of depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is relatively high. The pulmonary function and the living standards were found to be significant risk factors for depression.

Keywords: COPD, Depression, Quality of life

Figures and Tables

Figure 1
Correlation of FEV1 and SGRQ (symptom). r=-0.336, p=0.011, y=-0.30χ+61.51.
trd-65-191-g001
Figure 2
Correlation of FEV1 and SGRQ (activity). r=-0.631, p=0.000, y=-0.52χ+86.24.
trd-65-191-g002
Figure 3
Corrleation of FEV1 and SGRQ (impact). r=-0.514, p=0.000, y=-0.40χ+53.42.
trd-65-191-g003
Figure 4
Correlation of FEV1 and depression score. r=-0.360, p=0.006, y=-0.22χ+21.92.
trd-65-191-g004
Figure 5
Correlation of SGRQ (symptom) and depression score. r=0.337, p=0.010, y=0.79χ+36.67.
trd-65-191-g005
Figure 6
Correlation of SGRQ (activity) and depression score. r=0.439, p=0.001, y=0.92χ+47.77.
trd-65-191-g006
Figure 7
Correlation of SGRQ (impact) and depression score. r=0.471, p=0.000, y=0.95χ+21.47.
trd-65-191-g007
Figure 8
Correlation of SGRQ (total) and depression score. r=0.248, p=0.046, y=0.61χ+39.47.
trd-65-191-g008
Table 1
Dermographic characteristics in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
trd-65-191-i001

SD: standard deviation.

Table 2
Clinical characteristics in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
trd-65-191-i002

SD: standard deviation.

Table 3
Relation factors of depression and SGRQ
trd-65-191-i003

Values present mean. SGRQ: St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire *Significant difference in one way ANOVA test, p<0.05.

References

1. Stapleton RD, Nielsen EL, Engelberg RA, Patrick DL, Curtis JR. Association of depression and life-sustaining treatment preferences in patients with COPD. Chest. 2005. 127:328–334.
2. Alexopoulos GS, Sirey JA, Raue PJ, Kanellopoulos D, Clark TE, Novitch RS. Outcomes of depressed patients undergoing inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2006. 14:466–475.
3. Jones PW, Bosh TK. Quality of life changes in COPD patients treated with salmeterol. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997. 155:1283–1299.
4. van Manen JG, Bindels PJ, Dekker FW, IJzermans CJ, van der Zee JS, Schadé E. Risk of depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its determinants. Thorax. 2002. 57:412–416.
5. Simon GE, von Korff M, Lin E. Clinical and functional outcomes of depression treatment in patients with and without chronic medication illness. Psychol Med. 2005. 35:271–279.
6. Curtis JR, Patrick DL. The assessment of health status among patients with COPD. Eur Respir J Suppl. 2003. 41:36s–45s.
7. Hynninen KM, Breitve MH, Wiborg AB, Pallesen S, Nordhus IH. Psychological characteristics of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Psychosom Res. 2005. 59:429–443.
8. Dahlen I, Janson C. Anxiety and depression are related to the outcome of emergency treatment in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease. Chest. 2002. 122:1633–1637.
9. Cho MJ, Kim KH. Diagnostic validity of the CES-D (Korean version) in the assessment of DSM-III-R major depression. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc. 1993. 32:381–399.
10. Kim YS, Byun MK, Jung WY, Jeong JH, Choi SB, Kang SM, et al. Validation of the Korean version of the St. George's respiratory questionnaire for patients with chronic respiratory disease. Tuberc Respir Dis. 2006. 61:121–128.
11. Cho HJ, Chae JH, Jun TY. The overview of clinical assessment tools for depression. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc. 2007. 46:110–121.
12. Eiser N, Harte R, Spiros K, Phillips C, Isaac MT. Effect of treating depression on quality-of-life and exercise tolerance in severe COPD. COPD. 2005. 2:233–241.
13. Kaup BA, Loreck D, Gruber-Baldini AL, German P, Menon AS, Zimmerman S, et al. Depression and its relationship to function and medical status by dementia status in nursing home admissions. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2007. 15:438–442.
14. Kim DS, Kim YS, Jung KS, Chang JH, Lim CM, Lee JH, et al. Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Korea: a population-based spirometry survey. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005. 172:842–847.
15. Curtis JR, Martin DP, Martin TR. Patient-assessed health outcomes in chronic lung disease: what are they, how do they help us, and where do we go from here. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997. 156:1032–1039.
16. Ryu YJ, Chun EM, Sim YS, Lee JH. Depression and anxiety in outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Tuberc Respir Dis. 2007. 62:11–18.
17. Curtis JR, Deyo RA, Hudson LD. Pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic respiratory insufficiency. 7. Health-related quality of life among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax. 1994. 49:162–170.
18. Yohannes AM, Roomi J, Baldwin RC, Connolly MJ. Depression in elderly outpatients with disabling chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Age Ageing. 1998. 27:155–160.
19. Borson S, Claypoole K, McDonald GJ. Depression and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: treatment trials. Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry. 1998. 3:115–130.
TOOLS
Similar articles