Journal List > Tuberc Respir Dis > v.62(6) > 1001103

Sim, Lee, Chun, and Chang: Diagnostic Utility of Pleural Fluid Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 1 Protein in Patients with Exudative Pleural Effusion

Abstract

Background

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 protein (TREM-1) is a cell surface molecule expressed on neutrophils and monocytes, and it plays an important role in myeloid cell-activated inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic efficiency of soluble (s) TREM-1 in the patients who had pleural effusion from various causes.

Methods

Forty-five patients with exudative pleural effusion were included in this study. The level of sTREM-1 was measured in both the serum and pleural fluids by immunoblot assay with using human-sTREM-1 antibody.

Results

The pleural fluid sTREM-1 was significantly different in the three groups of exudative pleural effusion (p=0.011). Particularly, the patients with parapneumonic effusion were found to have significantly higher pleural fluid levels of sTREM-1 than patients with tuberculous (p<0.05) and malignant effusion, respectively (p<0.05). However, the serum sTREM-1 did not show a significant difference in the three groups. In order to evaluate the diagnostic utility of pleural fluid sTREM-1, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.818 (p=0.001). Using a cutoff value of 103.5 pg/mL for the pleural fluid sTREM-1, the sensitivity and specificity were 73% and 81%, respectively, for differentiating parapneumonic effusion from tuberculous or malignant effusions.

Conclusion

Pleural fluid sTREM-1 can be an additional marker for making the differential diagnosis of pleural effusion.

Figures and Tables

Figure 1
sTREM-1 in the pleural fluid of patients with tuberculous (n=18), parapneumonic (n=15), and malignant pleural effusions (n=8). Horizontal bars represent mean values.
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Figure 2
ROC curve for pleural fluid sTREM-1. The area under curve of pleural fluid sTREM-1 was 0.818(p=0.001).
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Table 1
Clinical characteristics in patients with pleural effusion
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Data are mean±SD or number (frequency).

PE: pleural effusion.

*p<0.01 by one-way ANOVA, p<0.05 vs. malignant PE by multiple comparison using post-hoc test of Scheffe.

Table 2
Laboratory characteristics in patients with pleural effusion
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Data are mean±SD.

PE: pleural effusion; WBC: white blood cell count: CRP: C-reactive protein: ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate: LD: lactic acid dehydrogenase: CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen.

*p<0.05, p<0.01 by one-way ANOVA, p<0.05 vs. parapneumonic PE, §p<0.05 vs. malignant PE by multiple comparison using post-hoc test of Scheffe.

Table 3
Pleural fluid analysis in patients with pleural effusion
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Data are mean±SD.

PE: pleural effusion: RBC: red blood cell count: WBC: white blood cell count: LD: lactic acid dehydrogenase: CEA: carcinoembryonic antigen ADA, adenosine deaminase.

*p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001 by one-way ANOVA, §p<0.05 vs. malignant PE, p<0.05 vs. parapneumonic PE by multiple comparison using post-hoc test of Scheffe.

Table 4
Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) in serum and pleural fluid of patients with pleural effusion
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Data are mean±SD.

PE: pleural effusion.

*p<0.05 by one-way ANOVA, p<0.05 vs. parapneumonic PE by multiple comparison using post-hoc test of Scheffe.

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