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Abstract
Background
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 protein (TREM-1) is a cell surface molecule expressed on neutrophils and monocytes, and it plays an important role in myeloid cell-activated inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic efficiency of soluble (s) TREM-1 in the patients who had pleural effusion from various causes.
Methods
Forty-five patients with exudative pleural effusion were included in this study. The level of sTREM-1 was measured in both the serum and pleural fluids by immunoblot assay with using human-sTREM-1 antibody.
Results
The pleural fluid sTREM-1 was significantly different in the three groups of exudative pleural effusion (p=0.011). Particularly, the patients with parapneumonic effusion were found to have significantly higher pleural fluid levels of sTREM-1 than patients with tuberculous (p<0.05) and malignant effusion, respectively (p<0.05). However, the serum sTREM-1 did not show a significant difference in the three groups. In order to evaluate the diagnostic utility of pleural fluid sTREM-1, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.818 (p=0.001). Using a cutoff value of 103.5 pg/mL for the pleural fluid sTREM-1, the sensitivity and specificity were 73% and 81%, respectively, for differentiating parapneumonic effusion from tuberculous or malignant effusions.
Figures and Tables
Figure 1
sTREM-1 in the pleural fluid of patients with tuberculous (n=18), parapneumonic (n=15), and malignant pleural effusions (n=8). Horizontal bars represent mean values.
Figure 2
ROC curve for pleural fluid sTREM-1. The area under curve of pleural fluid sTREM-1 was 0.818(p=0.001).
Table 2
Laboratory characteristics in patients with pleural effusion
Data are mean±SD.
PE: pleural effusion; WBC: white blood cell count: CRP: C-reactive protein: ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate: LD: lactic acid dehydrogenase: CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen.
*p<0.05, †p<0.01 by one-way ANOVA, ‡p<0.05 vs. parapneumonic PE, §p<0.05 vs. malignant PE by multiple comparison using post-hoc test of Scheffe.
Table 3
Pleural fluid analysis in patients with pleural effusion
Data are mean±SD.
PE: pleural effusion: RBC: red blood cell count: WBC: white blood cell count: LD: lactic acid dehydrogenase: CEA: carcinoembryonic antigen ADA, adenosine deaminase.
*p<0.05, †p<0.01, ‡p<0.001 by one-way ANOVA, §p<0.05 vs. malignant PE, ∥p<0.05 vs. parapneumonic PE by multiple comparison using post-hoc test of Scheffe.
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