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Abstract
Background
PM10(Particulate matter with a diameter < 10 µm), which is characterized by different environmental conditions, is a complex mixture of organic and inorganic compounds. The Asian dust event caused by meteorological phenomena can also produce unique particulate matter in affected areas. This study investigated the cytokine produced by A549 epithelial cells exposed to particles collected during both the Asian dust pfenomenon and ambient air particles in a non-dusty period.
Method
Air samples were collected using a high volume air sampler(Sibata Model HV500F) with an air flow at 500 l/min for at least 6 hours. The cytokine messenger RNA(mRNA) was measured using a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). The A549 cells were exposed to 10 to 500 µg/ml of a suspension containing PM10 for 24 hours. Each was compared with those in the non-exposed control cells.
Result
The mRNA levels of interleukin(IL)-1α, IL-Iβ , IL-8, and the granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF) increased after veing exposed to PM10 in the ambient air particles, compared with those in the non-exposed control cells. The increase in IL-1α and IL-8 were dose dependent at a PM10 concentration between 100 µg/ml and 500 µg/ml. The mRNA level of IL-8 in the A549 epithelial cells was higher during the in the Asian dust period(500 µg/ml) than during the non dust period.
Figures and Tables
Figure 1
IL-1α mRNA expression in A549 cells after 24 hours incubation with PM10.
A549 cells were exposed to 10 to 500 µg/ml of a suspension of ambient particulate matter with a diameter of less than 10 µg(PM10) for 24 hours. Results shown in the box plot graph are the percentage from control(medium alone) values(*p<0.05, †p<0.1) compared with control. The black lines in boxes show median value of IL-1a mRNA expression.
1A. The expression of IL-1α mRNA measured in the supernatant collected at 24 hours increased and were significantly higher than those in the control nonexposed cells (10 to 500 µg/ml)
1B. The mRNA Levels of IL-1α were increased after exposed to PM10 collected during Asian dust period, compared to those in non-dusty period(500 µg/ml) and the control(500 µg/ml)
IL; interleukin, mRNA; cytokine messenger RNA
Figure 2
IL-1β mRNA expression in A549 cells after 24 hours incubation with PM10.
A549 cells were exposed to 10 to 500 µg/ml of a suspension of ambient particulate matter with a diameter of less than 10 µg(PM10) for 24 hours. Results shown in the box plot graph are the percentage from control(medium alone) values(*p<0.05, †p<0.1) compared with control. The black lines in boxes show median value of IL-1a mRNA expression.
2A. The expression of IL-1β mRNA measured in the supernatant collected at 24 hours increased and were significantly higher than those in the control nonexposed cells(10 to 500 µg/ml)
2B. The mRNA Levels of IL-1β were increased after exposed to PM10 collected during Asian dust period, compared to those in non-dusty period(500 µg/ml) and the control(100 µg/ml, 500 µg/ml). IL-1β mRNA expression increased after 24 hours of exposure to PM10 in a dose-dependent manner.
IL; interleukin, mRNA; cytokine messenger RNA
Figure 3
IL-8 mRNA expression in A549 cells after 24 hours incubation with PM10.
A549 cells were exposed to 10 to 500 µg/ml of a suspension of ambient particulate matter with a diameter of less than 10 µg(PM10) for 24 hours. Results shown in the box plot graph are the percentage from control(medium alone) values(*p<0.05, †p<0.1) compared with control. The black lines in boxes show median value of IL-1a mRNA expression.
3A. The expression of IL-8 mRNA measured in the supernatant collected at 24 hours increased and were significantly higher than those in the control nonexposed cells(10 to 500 µg/ml, 100 to 500 µg/ml).
3B. The mRNA Levels of IL-8 were increased after exposed to PM10 collected during Asian dust period, compared to those in non-dusty period(100 µg/ml) and the control(100 µg/ml, 500 µg/ml)
IL; interleukin, mRNA; cytokine messenger RNA
Figure 4
GM-CSF mRNA expression in A549 cells after 24 hours incubation with PM10.
A549 cells were exposed to 10 to 500 µg/ml of a suspension of ambient particulate matter with a diameter of less than 10 µg(PM10) for 24 hours. Results shown in the box plot graph are the percentage from control(medium alone) values(*p<0.05, †p<0.1) compared with control. The black lines in boxes show median value of IL-1a mRNA expression.
4A. The expression of GM-CSF mRNA measured in the supernatant collected at 24 hours increased and were significantly higher than those in the control nonexposed cells(10 to 500 µg/ml).
4B. The mRNA Levels of GM-CSF were increased after exposed to PM10 collected during Asian dust period, compared to those in the control(100 µg/ml, 500 µg/ml). GM-CSF mRNA expression increased after 24hours of exposure to PM10 in a dose-dependent manner.
GM-CSF; granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, mRNA; cytokine messenger RNA
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