Regulation of Host Cell Signaling Pathways by Respiratory Syncytial Virus Nonstructural Protein NS1 and NS2

Han-Bo Shin; Myung-Soo Choi; Chae-Min Yi; Ji-Eun Kim; Su-Ji Jo; Hye-In Kim; Na-Rae Lee; Kyung-Soo Inn

doi:10.4167/jbv.2014.44.3.283

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Shin, Choi, Yi, Kim, Jo, Kim, Lee, and Inn: Regulation of Host Cell Signaling Pathways by Respiratory Syncytial Virus Nonstructural Protein NS1 and NS2

Letter to the Editor

J Bacteriol Virol 2014;44(3):283-289.

Published online: 9 February 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2014.44.3.283

Regulation of Host Cell Signaling Pathways by Respiratory Syncytial Virus Nonstructural Protein NS1 and NS2

Han-Bo Shin, Myung-Soo Choi, Chae-Min Yi, Ji-Eun Kim, Su-Ji Jo, Hye-In Kim, Na-Rae Lee, Kyung-Soo Inn^*

Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea

^*Corresponding author: Kyung-Soo Inn. Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Korea. Phone: +82-2-961-0368, Fax: +82-2-966-3885, e-mail: innks@khu.ac.kr

^** This work was supported by the Korea Foundation for the Advancement of Science & Creativity (KOFAC), and funded by the Korean Government (MOE).

Received 2 June 201420 June 2014 Accepted 24 June 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Human Respiratory Syncytial virus (hRSV) is a leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract diseases in the pediatric population. RSV frequently causes severe morbidity and mortality in high risk groups including infants with congenital heart disease and the immunosuppressed patients. Although hRSV is recognized as a major public health threat and economic burden worldwide, there is no licensed vaccine and effective therapeutic agent. Viral nonstructural (NS) proteins have been known to play multiple functions for efficient viral replication and pathogenesis. Especially, diverse functions of influenza A virus NS1 have been extensively studies. Recent studies demonstrated that NS1 and NS2 of RSV also exert diverse functions to modulate cellular environment and antiviral immune responses. Since NS proteins of RSV are required for efficient replication and pathogenesis, NS mutant viruses have been tested as live-attenuated vaccines. This review will outline the recent progress in understanding the various functions of RSV NS1 and NS2.

Keywords: Respiratory syncytial virus, NS1, NS2, Interferon

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Figure 1.

Inhibition of antiviral interferon signaling pathway by RSV NS1 and NS2. NS1 and NS2 suppress type-I interferon signaling by targeting various key components of RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene 1) and TLR (toll-like receptor) signaling pathways such as MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein), TRAF3, IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor) and STAT2 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 2).

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