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Lee, Kim, Hong, Jang, Park, Sohn, and Chung: A Comparison of Food and Nutrient Intakes between Instant Noodle Consumers and Non-Consumers among Korean Children and Adolescents
Original Article
Korean Journal of Nutrition

Korean Journal of Nutrition 2009; 42(8): 723-731.

Published online: 31 December 2009

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2009.42.8.723

A Comparison of Food and Nutrient Intakes between Instant Noodle Consumers and Non-Consumers among Korean Children and Adolescents

Jung-Sug Lee1, Jeongseon Kim1, Kyoung Hee Hong2, Young Ai Jang3, Soo Hyun Park3, Young Ae Sohn4, Hae-Rang Chung4

1Cancer Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang 411-769, Korea.

2Department of Food and Nutrition, Baewha Women's University, Seoul 110-735, Korea.

3R&BD, Nongshim, Seoul 156-709, Korea.

4Nutrition for the Future Inc., Seoul 151-848, Korea.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. (jskim@ncc.re.kr)

Received 2 November 2009       Revised 30 November 2009       Accepted 11 December 2009

© 2009 The Korean Nutrition Society

Abstract

Instant noodle is one of the most popular foods in Korea. The objective of this study was to examine the association of instant noodle consumption and food and nutrient intake among children and teenagers in Korea. We used dietary data from 24-h recall of 1,748 subjects aged 7-19 years who participated in the 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Those who consumed instant noodle once or more during the survey period were categorized as "instant noodle consumer (INC)" and were compared for food and nutrient intakes with the others (non-INC). The average age of the INC was 13.4 and that of the non-INC was 12.4; girls consumed more instant noodles than boys (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in BMI between the two groups. With the exception of grains, as compared to the non-INC, the INC consumed significantly less amounts of potatoes, vegetables, mush-rooms, fruits, spices, seafood, and milk and dairy products. With respect to nutrient intakes, the INC-group showed significantly higher nutrient intakes of energy, fat, carbohydrate, sodium, thiamine, and riboflavin; however, as compared to the non-INC-group, the INC-group showed significantly less intakes of calcium, niacin, and vitamin C. The overall result suggests that consuming instant noodles may lead to excessive intake of fat and sodium, but it may cause an increased intake of thiamine and riboflavin. Therefore, nutrition education that helps children and teenagers choose a balanced meal while consuming instant noodle should be carried out. In addition, manufactures of instant noodles should consider nutritional aspects in product development processes.

Keywords: instant noodle, children, Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)

Figures and Tables

Table 1
General characteristics of study subjects
kjn-42-723-i001

1) Mean ± SE

2) N (%, SE)

3) Low income: monthly income < minimum cost of living ×1.2 Middle income: minimum cost of living ×1.2 ≤ monthly income < minimum cost of living ×2.5 High income: monthly income ≥ minimum cost of living ×2.5

Table 2
Comparison of food intake by groups (g/day)
kjn-42-723-i002

Adjusted for age, household income (1 = low, 2 = middle, 3 = high)

1) Mean ± SE

*: Significantly different between instant noodle groups at α = 0.05 by T-test

Table 3
Comparison of daily nutrient intake by groups
kjn-42-723-i003

Adjusted for age, household income (1 = low, 2 = middle, 3 = high)

1) Mean ± SE

*: Significantly different between instant noodle groups at α = 0.05 by T-test

Table 4
Comparison of percentage of dietary reference intakes (DRI)1) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) by groups (%)
kjn-42-723-i004

Adjusted for age, household income (1 = low, 2 = middle, 3 = high)

1) Energy intakes were compared with estimated energy requirement(EER), sodium and potassium were compared with adequate intake (AI), and the rest of nutrients were compared with recommended intake (RI)

2) Mean ± SE

*: Significantly different between instant noodle groups at α=0.05 by T-test

Table 5
Comparison of percentage of less than the dietary reference intakes (EAR)1) by groups (%)
kjn-42-723-i005

Adjusted for age, household income (1 = low, 2 = middle, 3 = high)

1) EAR: Estimated average requirements

2) Mean ± SE

*: Significantly different between instant noodle groups at α= 0.05 by T-test

Notes

This work was supported by grants of the Nongshim Co. LTD.

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