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Shin and Kim: The Effects of Hand Massage in Patients Who Underwent Transradial Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Original Article

J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(4):465-474.

Published online: 15 January 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.4.465

The Effects of Hand Massage in Patients Who Underwent Transradial Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Eun Sil Shin1, Myung-Hee Kim2,

1Coronary Care Unit, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan

2College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea

Address reprint requests to : Kim, Myung-Hee College of Nursing, Pusan National University, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 50612, Korea Tel: +82-51-510-8334 Fax: +82-51-510-8308 E-mail: myung@pusan.ac.kr

Received 1 November 2017       Revised 6 August 2018       Accepted 6 August 2018

Copyright © 2018 Korean Society of Nursing Science

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

Abstract

Purpose

This study aimed to determine the effect of hand massage in patients who underwent transradial percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods

This was a quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent control group and non-synchronized design. The study included 30 patients in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. Hand massage was performed 2 times for 5 minutes each in the experimental group and the control group only received usual nursing interventions. Pain, level of discomfort, and vital signs were defined as key outcome measures, and the data were analyzed using the chi-square test, an independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, repeated-measures analysis of variance, and Friedman test.

Results

Significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in the pain score (F=7.91, p=.003), discomfort score (F=18.15, p<.001), pulse (F=12.92, p<.001), and respiration rate (χ 2=19.35, p<.001).

Conclusion

Hand massage can be a helpful nursing intervention for transradial percutaneous coronary intervention by reducing pain and discomfort to a considerable degree.

Keywords: Percutaneous coronary intervention, Pain, Discomfort

References

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Figure 1.
Research flow diagram.
jkan-48-465f1.tif
Table 1.
Homogeneity Test of Characteristics between Experimental and Control Groups (N=60)
Variables Characteristics Exp. (n=30) Cont. (n=30) χ2/t p
n (%)/M±SD n (%)/M±SD
Gender Male 20 (66.7) 23 (76.7) 0.74 .390
Female 10 (33.3) 7 (23.3)
Age (yr) <65 11 (26.7) 16 (53.3) 1.68 .194
≥65 19 (73.3) 14 (46.7)
67.80±11.99 63.40±7.92 -1.68 .100
Religion Yes 10 (33.4) 15 (50.0) 4.10 .129
No 20 (66.6) 15 (50.0)
Living With spouse 25 (83.3) 23 (76.7) 0.42 .519
Alone 5 (16.7) 7 (23.3)
Comorbidities No 4 (13.3) 2 (6.7) 3.03 .388
Hypertension 14 (46.7) 18 (60.0)
Other 12 (40.0) 10 (33.3)
Intervention† vascular LAD 11 (36.7) 17 (56.7) 4.46 .216
LCX 4 (13.3) 5 (16.7)
RCA 8 (26.7) 6 (20.0)
≥2 7 (23.3) 2 (6.6)
Closed degree of <90 4 (13.4) 9 (30.0) 2.73 .255
coronary artery (%) 90∼100 26 (86.6) 21 (70.0)
93.17±9.66 88.67±8.92 -1.88 .066
Intervention† time (min) <30 6 (20.0) 8 (26.7) 0.41 .814
30∼49 17 (56.7) 15 (50.0)
≥50 7 (23.3) 7 (23.3)
40.57±17.53 39.57±18.36 -0.22 .830
Intervention† experience Yes 6 (20.0) 12 (40.0) 2.86 .091
No 24 (80.0) 18 (60.0)
Drug intervention† Existing drugs‡ 30 (100.0) 29 (96.7) 1.02 .313
Existing drugs‡+other 0 (0.0) 1 (3.3)

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; LAD=Left anterior descending artery; LCX=Left circumflex artery; RCA=Right coronary artery.

† Percutaneous coronary intervention;

‡ Heparin, Nitcerin, Verapamil.

Table 2.
Verification of Homogeneity for Dependent Variables (N=60)
Variables Exp. (n=30) Cont. (n=30) t/U p
M±SD M±SD
Pain 4.83±0.87 5.19±1.21 1.28 .205
Discomfort 34.97±2.58 35.63±3.18 0.89 .376
SBP (mmHg) 124.93±14.45 128.07±9.64 0.99 .328
DBP (mmHg) 74.40±7.25 76.77±7.70 1.23 .225
Pluse (beat/min) 72.90±10.77 69.87±9.40 -1.16 .250
Respiration 18.57±3.82 19.30±2.49 392.50† .382
(number/min)

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; SBP=Systolic blood pressure; DBP=Diastolic blood pressure; M±SD=mean standard deviation.

† Mann-Whiney U test.

Table 4.
Subjective Sensation Before and After Hand Massage in the Experimental Group (N=30)
Hand massage Subjective sensation n (%)
Before application Treatment site pain 14 (46.6)
Hand swelling 5 (16.7)
Fingertip sensation 5 (16.7)
Hand numbness 2 (6.7)
Wrist stiffness 2 (6.7)
Cold fingertips 1 (3.3)
Stiff and weak hands 1 (3.3)
After application Cold hands 23 (76.7)
Easy hand movement 4 (13.3)
Relaxed fingertips 2 (6.7)
Wrist pain relief 1 (3.3)
Table 3.
Comparison of Pain, Discomfort, SBP, DBP, Pulse and Respiration between Experimental and Control Groups (N=60)
Variables Time Exp. (n=30) Cont. (n=30) Source χ2/F p
M±SD/Median (IQR) M±SD/Median (IQR)
Pain Pre 4.83±0.87 5.18±1.21 Group 4.61 .036
Post 1 4.36±0.84 5.11±1.25 Time 351.88 <.001
Post 2 3.43±0.81 4.02±1.25 Group*Time 7.91 .003
Discomfort Pre 34.97±2.58 35.63±3.18 Group 8.06 .006
Post 1 32.60±2.84 35.17±3.22 Time 353.33 <.001
Post 2 27.97±2.81 31.23±3.92 Group*Time 18.15 <.001
SBP (mmHg) Pre 123.93±14.45 128.06±9.64 Group 3.77 .057
Post 1 120.83±14.31 127.23±8.74 Time 12.00 .001
Post 2 117.90±12.78 124.40±8.89 Group*Time 1.54 .222
DBP (mmHg) Pre 74.23±7.41 76.77±7.70 Group 6.24 .015
Post 1 70.07±8.57 75.47±9.08 Time 13.11 <.001
Post 2 68.20±9.88 73.67±6.63 Group*Time 2.09 .129
Pulse (beat/min) Pre 72.90±10.77 69.87±9.40 Group 0.01 .943
Post 1 68.80±9.93 69.23±10.02 Time 29.65 <.001
Post 2 65.13±8.37 68.27±11.13 Group*Time 12.92 <.001
Respiration (number/min) Pre 20.00 (4.25) 20.00 (2.00) Exp. 19.35† <.001
Post 1 18.00 (4.25) 20.00 (2.25) Cont. 15.53† <.001
Post 2 16.50 (4.00) 18.00 (3.00)

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; IQR=Interquartile range; SBP=Systolic blood pressure; DBP=Diastolic blood pressure; M±SD=mean standard deviation.

† Friedman test.

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