Age-specific variations in hematological and biochemical parameters in middle- and large-sized of dogs

Seok Hee Lee; Jin Wook Kim; Byeong Chun Lee; Hyun Ju Oh

doi:10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e7

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Lee, Kim, Lee, and Oh: Age-specific variations in hematological and biochemical parameters in middle- and large-sized of dogs

Original Article Physiology

J Vet Sci 2020;21(1):e7.

Published online: 4 January 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e7

Age-specific variations in hematological and biochemical parameters in middle- and large-sized of dogs

Seok Hee Lee, Jin Wook Kim, Byeong Chun Lee, Hyun Ju Oh^*

Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea

^*Corresponding authors: Byeong Chun Lee Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea. E-mail: bclee@snu.ac.kr

Hyun Ju Oh Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea. E-mail: jooya5@snu.ac.kr

Received 10 October 2019 Revised 15 November 2019 Accepted 21 November 2019

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Aging triggers cellular and molecular alterations, including genomic instability and organ dysfunction, which increases the risk of disease in mammals. Recently, due to the markedly growing number of aging dogs in the world, as much as 49% in total number of pet dogs, it is necessary to improve and maintain their quality of life by understanding of the biological effects of aging. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine specific biomarkers in aging dogs as a means of defining a set of hematological/biochemical biomarkers that influence the aging process. Blood samples were collected from younger (1–3 years) and older (7–10 years) dogs of middle/large size. The hematological/biochemistry analysis was performed to evaluate parameters significantly associated with age. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to target growth hormone (GH)/insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), one of the main regulators of the aging process. Declining levels of total protein and increased levels of glucose in young dogs was observed regardless of their body size. Notably, a significantly high concentration of GH and IGF-1 in the younger dogs compared to the older dogs was found in middle/large-sized dogs. GH and IGF-1 were also found at significantly high levels in large-sized dogs compared to middle-sized dogs, suggesting a similar trend to that of elderly humans. Consequently, glucose, total protein, GH, and IGF-1 were identified as potential biomarkers for regulating the aging process in large/middle-sized dogs. These findings provide an invaluable insight into the mechanism of aging for the field of aging research.

Keywords: Aging, dog, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, hematological test, biomarkers

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Fig. 1.

Evaluation of (A) complete blood cell count and (B) serum biochemistry parameters in middle-sized dogs depending on their age. RBC, HB, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, MPV, WBC, Neut, Lymph, Mono, Eos, Baso, Leuk, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, BUN, Na, K, and Cl levels were analyzed. Bars represent normal reference intervals. The blood sample has been analyzed for one time per dog. RBC, red blood cell; HB, hemoglobin; PCV, packed cell volume; MCV, mean cell volume; MCH, mean cell hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; RDW, red cell distribution width; MPV, mean platelet volume; WBC, white blood cell; Neut, neutrophil; Lymph, lymphocyte; Mono, monocyte; Eos, eosinophil; Baso, basophil; Leuk, leukocyte; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; GGT, gamma glutamyltransferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Na, sodium; K, potassium; Cl, chlorine; Young, younger dogs; Old, older dogs. *^,† Within the groups, values with different superscript letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).

Fig. 2.

Evaluation of (A) complete blood cell count and (B) serum biochemistry parameters in large-sized dogs depending on their age. RBC, HB, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, MPV, WBC, Neut, Lymph, Mono, Eos, Baso, Leuk, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, BUN, Na, K, and Cl levels were analyzed. Bars represent normal reference intervals. The blood sample has been analyzed for one time per dog. RBC, red blood cell; HB, hemoglobin; PCV, packed cell volume; MCV, mean cell volume; MCH, mean cell hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; RDW, red cell distribution width; MPV, mean platelet volume; WBC, white blood cell; Neut, neutrophil; Lymph, lymphocyte; Mono, monocyte; Eos, eosinophil; Baso, basophil; Leuk, leukocyte; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; GGT, gamma glutamyltransferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Na, sodium; K, potassium; Cl, chlorine; Young, younger dogs; Old, older dogs. *^,† Within groups, values with different superscript letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).

Fig. 3.

(A) Concentration of GH and IGF-1 from serum in younger and older dog groups without classification of their body size. (B) Concentration of GH and IGF-1 from serum in younger and older dogs in large-sized group and middle-sized group. At least 3 times replications were performed. GH, growth hormone; IGF-1, insulin growth factor-1; Young, younger dogs; Old, older dogs. *^,† Within groups, values with different superscript letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).

Fig. 4.

(A) Concentration of GH and IGF-1 from serum in large and middle-sized dogs without classification of their ages. (B) Concentration of GH and IGF-1 from serum in larger and middle-sized dogs in younger dogs and older dogs. At least 3 times replications were performed. GH, growth hormone; IGF-1, insulin growth factor-1; Large, large-sized dogs; Middle, middle-sized dogs. *^,† Within groups, values with different superscript letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).

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