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Abstract
Purpose
This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED), and the correlations of ED with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the antihypertensive drugs that are used for CVD patients as risk factors.
Materials and Methods
A total of 200 cardiology outpatients suffering with CVD were enrolled in this study. The patients were screened for ED by using questionnaire that included the 5-item Version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5); the patients were reviewed for a medical history, including the risk factors for CVD and their current antihypertensive medications.
Results
Overall, 58% of the patients had various degrees of ED, including mild in 9.5%, moderate in 2.5% and complete dysfunction in 46%. The prevalence of complete ED was significantly higher than the other ED types. The risk factors for patients with CVD were hypertension (70.0%), smoking (61.5%), coronary artery disease (CAD) (55.0%), overweight (47.0%), age (40.5%), lipid abnormalities (24.5%) and diabetes (16.5%). Especially, the patients having an older age, CAD and smoking had a significantly higher prevalence of ED than those patients with the other risk factors. Although the patients treated with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors showed significant correlations for the antihypertensive drugs with the prevalence of ED, all the antihypertensive drugs were not independently associated with the presence of ED on the multivariable logistic regression test.
Conclusions
This study provides data on the prevalence of ED and the significant correlation of ED with old age, CAD and smoking for the patients with CVD. Although it is a well known fact that CVD is associated with ED, most physicians do not ask the patients questions about it, and most of the patients are too embarrassed to discuss their ED with them. Therefore, understanding the relationship between ED and CVD is essential.
Figures and Tables
Fig. 1
Severity of erectile dysfunction in the patients with cardiovascular disease according to International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)-5 score.
Fig. 2
Distribution of the patients according to cardiovascular risk factors and erectile dysfunction. *significant at p<0.05, ED: erectile dysfunction, HBP: hypertension, CAD: coronary artery disease, DM: diabetes mellitus.
Fig. 3
Distribution of the patients according to antihypertensive drugs and erectile dysfunction. All the antihypertensive drugs were not independently associated with presence of ED on the multivariable logistic regression test. ED: erectile dysfunction, *Ca.-Ch. blockers: calcium-channel blockers, †ACE inhibitors: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, ‡Ang.-II R. antagonists: angiotensin-II receptor antagonists.
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