Influence of nano-structured alumina coating treatment on shear bond strength between zirconia ceramic and resin cement

Dong-Woon Kim; Jung-Jin Lee; Kyoung-A Kim; Jae-Min Seo

doi:10.4047/jkap.2016.54.4.354

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Kim, Lee, Kim, and Seo: Influence of nano-structured alumina coating treatment on shear bond strength between zirconia ceramic and resin cement

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

J Korean Acad Prosthodont 2016;54(4):354-363.

Published online: NaN October 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4047/jkap.2016.54.4.354

Influence of nano-structured alumina coating treatment on shear bond strength between zirconia ceramic and resin cement

Dong-Woon Kim¹, Jung-Jin Lee¹, Kyoung-A Kim², Jae-Min Seo^1,^∗

^¹Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bio-Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea

^²Department of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

∗Corresponding Author: Jae-Min Seo Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bio-Science, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekjedaero, Dukjin-Gu, Jeonju 54896, Repulic of Korea +82 (0)63 250 2696: e-mail, jmseo@jbnu.ac.kr

This work was supported by research funds from the Chonbuk National University in 2011.

Received 5 March 20163 May 2016 Accepted 5 July 2016

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the application of nano-structured alumina coating to the surface of Y-TZP could enhance the bond strength with resin cement.

Materials and methods

A total of 80 zirconia plates were prepared and divided into four groups. : 1) airborne particle abrasion treatment (A) : 2) Rocatec treatment after airborne particle abrasion (R) : 3) nano-structured alumina coating treatment after polishing (PC) and 4) nano-structured alumina coating after airborne particle abrasion (AC). Alumina coating was formed by the hydrolysis of aluminium nitride (AlN) powder and heat treatment at 900。 C. Coating patterns were observed with FE-SEM. Resin block was bonded to treated zirconia ceramics using resin cement. The shear bond strengths were measured before and after thermocycling.

Results

The FE-SEM images show a dense and uniform nano-structured alumina coating structure, which enhances shear bond strength by increasing micro mechanical interlocking to resin cement. PC and AC groups showed higher shear bond strengths than A and R groups before and after thermocycling. A and R groups displayed significant drops in shear bond strength after thermocycling. However, PC and AC groups did not show any meaningful decreases in shear bond strength after thermocycling.

Conclusion

Treatment of Y-TZP ceramics with nano-structured alumina coating could significantly increase their shear bond strength. (J Korean Acad Prosthodont 2016;54:354-63)

Keywords: Zirconia, Shear bond strength, Alumina coating, Thermocycling, Resin cement

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Fig. 1.

(A) FE-SEM image (×5,000) demonstrating polished Y-TZP surface, (B) FE-SEM image (×5,000) demonstrating airborne particle abraded Y-TZP surface, (C) FE-SEM image (×5,000) demonstrating tribochemical coating treated Y-TZP surface.

Fig. 2.

(A) FE-SEM image (×50,000) demonstrating the large retentive surface architecture created after completion of nano-structured alumina coating on polished Y-TZP surface, (B) FE-SEM image (×50,000) demonstrating the large retentive surface architecture created after completion of nano-structured alumina coating on air abraded Y-TZP surface.

Fig. 3.

Shear-bond strength before thermocycling. The bars represent the SDs. ∗ indicates significant difference (P<.05).

Fig. 4.

Shear-bond strength after thermocycling. The bars represent the SDs. ∗ indicates significant difference (P<.05).

Fig. 5.

Influence of thermocycling on changes in shear bond strength of each group. ∗ indicates significant difference (P<.05).

Fig. 6.

FE-SEM image (×2,000) demonstrating adhesive failure mode of A group.

Fig. 7.

FE-SEM image (×2,000) demonstrating mixed failure mode of R group.

Fig. 8.

(A) FE-SEM image (×5,000) demonstrating cohesive failure mode of PC group, (B) FE-SEM image (×40,000) demonstrating high magnification of box in Fig. 8A.

Fig. 9.

(A) FE-SEM image (×2,000) demonstrating cohesive failure mode of AC group, (B) FE-SEM image (×20,000) demonstrating high magnification of box in Fig. 9A.

Table 1.

Classification of groups depending on surface treatments

Group	Surface treatment
A	50 ㎛ Al2O3 airborne particle abrasion (3 bar, 10 s, 10 mm)
(n = 20)
R	50 ㎛ Al2O3 airborne particle abrasion (3 bar, 10 s, 10 mm)
(n = 20)	110 ㎛ SiOx, Rocatec plus (4 bar, 10 s, 10 mm)
	After applying silane coupling agent, 2 min. dry
PC	Polishing : ascending stepwise approach
(n = 20)	nano-structured alumina coating
AC	50 ㎛ Al2O3 airborne particle abrasion (3 bar, 10 s, 10 mm)
(n = 20)	nano-structured alumina coating

Table 2.

Results of two-way ANOVA

Source of variation	SS	df	MS	F	P-value
Thermocycling	516.38	1	516.38	33.09	< .01
Surface treatment	2509.28	3	836.43	53.09	< .01
Thermocycling ∗ Surface treatment	63.53	3	21.18	1.36	.2629
Model	3089.19	7	441.31	28.28	< .01
Error	1123.75	72	15.61
Total	4212.94	79

Table 3.

Shear-bond strength in MPa of composite resin cement (RelyX Unicem) to Y-TZP ceramic after different types of surface-conditioning

Group	24 h in water (1 day) (Mean ± SD)	24 h in water (1 day) + 6,000 TC (Mean ± SD)
A	8.41 ± 2.93^aA	4.23 ± 2.60^cB
R	12.96 ± 3.81^aA	5.12 ± 1.47^cB
PC	17.86 ± 5.87^b	14.85 ± 2.81^d
AC	22.99 ± 6.11^b	17.70 ± 3.62^d

Same superscript small letters indicate no significant difference in the column, same superscript capital letters indicate no significant difference in the row. TC, Thermocycling.

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