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Park, Kim, and Lee: Clinical Features Associated with the Direction of Deviation in Sensory Strabismus
Original Article
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society

Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 2012; 53(8): 1138-1142.

Published online: 17 August 2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2012.53.8.1138

Clinical Features Associated with the Direction of Deviation in Sensory Strabismus

Byung Gun Park, MD, Jung Lim Kim, MD, Sul Gee Lee, MD, PhD

Department of Ophthalmology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.

Address reprint requests to Sul Gee Lee, MD, PhD. Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, #75 Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan 614-735, Korea. Tel: 82-51-890-6016, Fax: 82-51-890-6329, judysg@hanmail.net

Received 14 September 2011       Accepted 19 June 2012

Copyright © 2012 The Korean Ophthalmological Society

Abstract

Purpose

To assess the clinical features associated with the direction of deviation in sensory strabismus and postoperative stability of strabismus angles.

Methods

The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 98 patients diagnosed with sensory strabismus who were treated surgically. Among the factors analyzed were sex, age, direction of strabismus, preoperative visual acuity, age at onset of visual loss, cause of primary sensory deficit, refractive error, age at operation, deviation angle at 1 and 6 months postoperatively and after at least 5 years.

Results

At baseline, 20 patients (20.4%) had esotropia and 78 (79.6%) had exotropia. Common causes of primary sensory deficit were corneal opacity (25.5%), vitreoretinal disorder (23.5%), and congenital cataracts (16.3%). The proportion of esotropia increased significantly as the refractive error of the sound eye became more hyperopic. The older the patients were when they lost their vision, the higher the proportion of exotropia. Patients with longer duration of vision loss were more likely to have a larger deviation angle with exotropia, but the association was not significant with esotropia.

Conclusions

Patients with sensory strabismus tend to develop exotropia. Refractive error of the sound eye and age at onset of vision loss were associated with the direction of strabismus. Despite poor sensory fusion even after surgery, more than 50% of patients maintained a stable eye position.

Keywords: Direction of sensory strabismus, Sensory esotropia, Sensory exotropia, Surgical outcome

Figures and Tables

Table 1
Refractive errors of the sound eyes
jkos-53-1138-i001

p = 0.006 by chi-square test; linear-by-linear association.

SE = spherical equivalent; D = diopter.

Table 2
Age at visual loss
jkos-53-1138-i002

p = 0.001 by chi-square test; linear-by-linear association.

Table 3
Intervals between visual loss and strabismus operation
jkos-53-1138-i003

Values are presented as mean ± SD.

*p < 0.05 by Kruskal-Wallis test; †p < 0.05 by Jonckheere-Terpstra test.

Table 4
Degree of visual impairment of the strabismic eyes
jkos-53-1138-i004

Values are presented as mean ± SD.

*p-values by Kruskal-Wallis test; †p-values by Jonckheere-Terpstra test.

Table 5
Surgical outcomes
jkos-53-1138-i005

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