Abstract
Background
Methods
Results
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS
Notes
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Conception or design: S.Q., X.C., Z.S., T.W.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: S.Q., Y.Z., B.X., X.C., W.C., Z.S.
Drafting the work or revising: S.Q., B.X., D.W., T.W.
Final approval of the manuscript: all authors.
FUNDING
This work was partly supported by the Aging Health Scientific Research Project in Jiangsu (grant No. LKM2022027), the Key Research Base of Philosophy and Social Sciences of Jiangsu Education Department (grant No. 2022B04), the Chinese Nursing Association (grant no. ZHKYQ202117), and the Key Research and Development Program in Jiangsu Province (grant No. BE2022828). Shanhu Qiu has been supported by the “Best Young Scholars” Fellowship from Southeast University. Tongzhi Wu is supported by a Mid-Career Fellowship from the Hospital Research Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
REFERENCES
Table 1.
Variable |
Weak grip strength at follow-up |
Slow walking speed at follow-up |
Poor standing balance at follow-up |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
With | Without | P value | With | Without | P value | With | Without | P value | ||
No. of participantsa | 151 | 1,076 | 209 | 197 | 274 | 687 | ||||
Male sex | 65 (43.0) | 420 (39.0) | 0.17 | 89 (42.6) | 86 (43.7) | 0.41 | 91 (33.2) | 313 (45.6) | <0.001 | |
Age, yr | 75.7±8.8 | 68.2±8.3 | <0.001 | 74.8±6.4 | 72.8±5.4 | <0.001 | 71.5±9.3 | 67.1±7.7 | <0.001 | |
BMI, kg/m2 | 30.2±5.2 | 30.8±6.1 | 0.14 | 29.5±5.4 | 29.3±5.2 | 0.34 | 30.5±6.1 | 30.1±5.6 | 0.19 | |
SBP, mm Hg | 132±19 | 130±18 | 0.08 | 132±18 | 132±19 | 0.42 | 131±19 | 129±19 | 0.09 | |
DBP, mm Hg | 77±12 | 79±11 | 0.009 | 77±10 | 79±11 | 0.08 | 78±10 | 79±10 | 0.09 | |
HbA1c, % | 5.9±0.5 | 5.9±0.6 | 0.42 | 5.9±0.6 | 5.8±0.5 | 0.16 | 5.9±0.5 | 5.9±0.6 | 0.24 | |
HbA1c, mmol/mol | 41±5.5 | 41±6.6 | 0.42 | 41±6.6 | 40±5.5 | 0.16 | 41±5.5 | 41±6.6 | 0.24 | |
TC/HDL-C | 3.7±0.8 | 3.9±1.2 | 0.03 | 3.8±0.9 | 3.8±1.0 | 0.42 | 3.8±1.0 | 3.9±1.2 | 0.28 | |
ln(CRP), mg/dL | 0.4±1.7 | 0.5±1.4 | 0.31 | 0.4±1.3 | 0.1±1.5 | 0.05 | 0.6±1.2 | 0.2±1.5 | 0.001 | |
Smokingb | 9 (6.0) | 120 (11.2) | 0.03 | 10 (4.8) | 14 (7.1) | 0.16 | 27 (9.2) | 63 (9.9) | 0.37 | |
Drinkingb | 82 (54.3) | 603 (56.0) | 0.34 | 135 (64.6) | 130 (66.0) | 0.38 | 149 (54.4) | 401 (58.4) | 0.13 | |
Taking exercise | 53 (35.1) | 500 (46.5) | 0.004 | 97 (46.4) | 107 (54.3) | 0.06 | 109 (40.0) | 365 (53.1) | <0.001 | |
With history of | ||||||||||
CLD | 15 (9.9) | 94 (8.7) | 0.31 | 23 (11.0) | 11 (5.6) | 0.02 | 34 (12.4) | 40 (5.8) | <0.001 | |
Arthritis | 106 (70.2) | 632 (58.7) | 0.004 | 131 (62.7) | 129 (65.5) | 0.28 | 182 (66.4) | 379 (55.2) | <0.001 | |
AD | 1 (0.7) | 3 (0.3) | 0.22 | 2 (1.0) | 0 | 0.08 | 1 (0.4) | 0 | 0.06 |
Values are presented as number (%) or mean±standard deviation.
BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; CRP, C-reactive protein; CLD, chronic lung disease; AD, Alzheimer's disease.
Table 2.
Mode 1: without adjustment; Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index; Model 3: additionally adjusted for history of smoking and drinking (yes or no), taking physical exercise (yes or no), history of chronic lung disease (with or without), arthritis (with or without), and Alzheimer’s disease (with or without), diastolic blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and C-reactive protein, and corresponding physical function (except standing balance) at baseline.
Table 3.
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or change (95% confidence interval). Model 1: without adjustment; Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index; Model 3: additionally adjusted for history of smoking and drinking (yes or no), taking physical exercise (yes or no), history of chronic lung disease (with or without), arthritis (with or without), and Alzheimer’s disease (with or without), diastolic blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and C-reactive protein, and corresponding physical function at baseline.