Journal List > Restor Dent Endod > v.45(1) > 1148375

Fernandes, Strazzi-Sahyon, Suzuki, Briso, and Santos: Effect of dental bleaching on the microhardness and surface roughness of sealed composite resins

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microhardness and surface roughness of composite resins before and after tooth bleaching procedures.

Materials and Methods

Sixty specimens were prepared of each composite resin (Filtek Supreme XT and Opallis), and BisCover LV surface sealant was applied to half of the specimens. Thirty enamel samples were obtained from the buccal and lingual surfaces of human molars for use as the control group. The surface roughness and microhardness were measured before and after bleaching procedures with 35% hydrogen peroxide or 16% carbamide (n = 10). Data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance and the Fisher test (α = 0.05).

Results

Neither hydrogen peroxide nor carbamide peroxide treatment significantly altered the hardness of the composite resins, regardless of surface sealant application; however, both treatments significantly decreased the hardness of the tooth samples (p < 0.05). The bleaching did not cause any change in surface roughness, with the exception of the unsealed Opallis composite resin and dental enamel, both of which displayed an increase in surface roughness after bleaching with carbamide peroxide (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The microhardness and surface roughness of enamel and Opallis composite resin were influenced by bleaching procedures.

References

1. Benetti F, Briso ALF, Ferreira LL, Carminatti M, Álamo L, Ervolino E, Dezan-Júnior E, Cintra LTA. In vivo study of the action of a topical anti-inflammatory drug in rat teeth submitted to dental bleaching. Braz Dent J. 2018; 29:555–561.
2. Bezerra-Júnior DM, Silva LM, Martins Lde M, Cohen-Carneiro F, Pontes DG. Esthetic rehabilitation with tooth bleaching, enamel microabrasion, and direct adhesive restorations. Gen Dent. 2016; 64:60–64.
3. Gallinari MO, Fagundes TC, da Silva LM, de Almeida Souza MB, Barboza A, Briso A. A new approach for dental bleaching using violet light with or without the use of whitening gel: study of bleaching effectiveness. Oper Dent. 2019; 44:521–529.
crossref
4. Markovic L, Jordan RA, Glasser MC, Arnold WH, Nebel J, Tillmann W, Ostermann T, Zimmer S. Effects of bleaching agents on surface roughness of filling materials. Dent Mater J. 2014; 33:59–63.
crossref
5. Briso ALF, Rahal V, Azevedo FA, Gallinari MO, Gonçalves RS, Frascino SMB, Santos PHD, Cintra LTA. Neurosensory analysis of tooth sensitivity during at-home dental bleaching: a randomized clinical trial. J Appl Oral Sci. 2018; 26:e20170284.
crossref
6. Esmaeili B, Abolghasemzadeh F, Gholampor A, Daryakenari G. The effect of home bleaching carbamide peroxide concentration on the microhardness of dental composite resins. Gen Dent. 2018; 66:40–44.
7. Gallinari MO, Cintra LTÂ, Benetti F, Rahal V, Ervolino E, Briso ALF. Pulp response of rats submitted to bleaching and the use of different anti-inflammatory drugs. PLoS One. 2019; 14:e0210338.
crossref
8. Moraes RR, Marimon JL, Schneider LF, Correr Sobrinho L, Camacho GB, Bueno M. Carbamide peroxide bleaching agents: effects on surface roughness of enamel, composite and porcelain. Clin Oral Investig. 2006; 10:23–28.
crossref
9. Louzada LM, Briso ALF, Benetti F, Vieira LB, de Castilho Jacinto R, Dezan-Júnior E, Cintra LTA. Anti-inflammatory potential of a carvedilol gel in the pulpal tissue of rats after dental bleaching: a histopathological evaluation. J Investig Clin Dent. 2019; 10:e12401.
crossref
10. de Alexandre RS, Sundfeld RH, Briso AL, Bedran-Russo AK, Valentino TA, Sundefeld ML. Effect of 10% carbamide peroxide dental bleaching on microhardness of filled and unfilled sealant materials. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2006; 18:273–278.
crossref
11. Pinto CF, Rd Oliveira, Cavalli V, Giannini M. Peroxide bleaching agent effects on enamel surface microhardness, roughness and morphology. Braz Oral Res. 2004; 18:306–311.
crossref
12. Worschech CC, Rodrigues JA, Martins LR, Ambrosano GM. Brushing effect of abrasive dentifrices during at-home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide on enamel surface roughness. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2006; 7:25–34.
13. Furlan IS, Bridi EC, Amaral FLBD, França FMG, Turssi CP, Basting RT. Effect of high- or low-concentration bleaching agents containing calcium and/or fluoride on enamel microhardness. Gen Dent. 2017; 65:66–70.
14. Turker SB, Biskin T. Effect of three bleaching agents on the surface properties of three different esthetic restorative materials. J Prosthet Dent. 2003; 89:466–473.
crossref
15. Wattanapayungkul P, Yap AU, Chooi KW, Lee MF, Selamat RS, Zhou RD. The effect of home bleaching agents on the surface roughness of tooth-colored restoratives with time. Oper Dent. 2004; 29:398–403.
16. Kawai K, Leinfelder KF. Effect of surface-penetrating sealant on composite wear. Dent Mater. 1993; 9:108–113.
crossref
17. Rodrigues CS, Mozzaquatro LR, Dala Nora B, Jacques LB, Mallmann A. Effect of bleaching on color stability and roughness of composite resins aged in staining beverage. Gen Dent. 2017; 65:e5–e10.
18. Lee YK, Powers JM. Combined effects of staining substances on resin composites before and after surface sealant application. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2007; 18:685–691.
crossref
19. Mujdeci A, Gokay O. Effect of bleaching agents on the microhardness of tooth-colored restorative materials. J Prosthet Dent. 2006; 95:286–289.
crossref
20. Polydorou O, Mönting JS, Hellwig E, Auschill TM. Effect of in-office tooth bleaching on the microhardness of six dental esthetic restorative materials. Dent Mater. 2007; 23:153–158.
crossref
21. Gurgan S, Yalcin F. The effect of 2 different bleaching regimens on the surface roughness and hardness of tooth-colored restorative materials. Quintessence Int. 2007; 38:e83–e87.
22. Lima DA, De Alexandre RS, Martins AC, Aguiar FH, Ambrosano GM, Lovadino JR. Effect of curing lights and bleaching agents on physical properties of a hybrid composite resin. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2008; 20:266–273.
crossref
23. Yu H, Li Q, Cheng H, Wang Y. The effects of temperature and bleaching gels on the properties of tooth-colored restorative materials. J Prosthet Dent. 2011; 105:100–107.
crossref
24. Yu H, Li Q, Hussain M, Wang Y. Effects of bleaching gels on the surface microhardness of tooth-colored restorative materials in situ. J Dent. 2008; 36:261–267.
25. Al-Salehi SK, Wood DJ, Hatton PV. The effect of 24h non-stop hydrogen peroxide concentration on bovine enamel and dentine mineral content and microhardness. J Dent. 2007; 35:845–850.
crossref
26. Justino LM, Tames DR, Demarco FF. In situ and in vitro effects of bleaching with carbamide peroxide on human enamel. Oper Dent. 2004; 29:219–225.
27. Tezel H, Ertaş OS, Ozata F, Dalgar H, Korkut ZO. Effect of bleaching agents on calcium loss from the enamel surface. Quintessence Int. 2007; 38:339–347.
28. Bistey T, Nagy IP, Simó A, Hegedus C. In vitro FT-IR study of the effects of hydrogen peroxide on superficial tooth enamel. J Dent. 2007; 35:325–330.
29. Jiang T, Ma X, Wang Y, Tong H, Shen X, Hu Y, Hu J. Investigation of the effects of 30% hydrogen peroxide on human tooth enamel by Raman scattering and laser-induced fluorescence. J Biomed Opt. 2008; 13:014019.
crossref
30. Jiang T, Ma X, Wang Z, Tong H, Hu J, Wang Y. Beneficial effects of hydroxyapatite on enamel subjected to 30% hydrogen peroxide. J Dent. 2008; 36:907–914.
crossref
31. Basting RT, Antunes EV, Turssi CP, do Amaral FL, Franca FM, Florio FM. In vitro evaluation of calcium and phosphorus concentrations in enamel submitted to an in-office bleaching gel treatment containing calcium. Gen Dent. 2015; 63:52–56.
32. Alexandrino L, Gomes Y, Alves E, Costi H, Rogez H, Silva C. Effects of a bleaching agent with calcium on bovine enamel. Eur J Dent. 2014; 8:320–325.
crossref
33. Henn-Donassollo S, Fabris C, Gagiolla M, Kerber Í, Caetano V, Carboni V, Salas MM, Donassollo TA, Demarco FF. In situ and in vitro effects of two bleaching treatments on human enamel hardness. Braz Dent J. 2016; 27:56–59.
34. Araujo NC, da Costa Soares MU, Nery MM, Sales WS, Gerbi ME. Effect of pH values of two bleaching gels on enamel microhardness. Gen Dent. 2013; 61:55–58.
35. Gladys S, Van Meerbeek B, Braem M, Lambrechts P, Vanherle G. Comparative physico-mechanical characterization of new hybrid restorative materials with conventional glassionomer and resin composite restorative materials. J Dent Res. 1997; 76:883–894.
crossref

Table 1.
Material, trademark, manufacturer, composition, and batch number of the substances used
Material Trademark Manufacturer Composition Batch #
Nanoparticle composite resin Filtek Supreme XT 3M/ESPE (St. Paul, MN, USA) Ceramics treated with silane, bis-GMA, bis-EMA, silane-treated silica, silica-zirconium oxide treated with silane, diurethane dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, TEGDMA, and 2,6-di-tert-p-cresol. N275361BR
Microhybrid composite resin Opallis FGM (Joinville, SC, Brazil) bis-GMA, bis-EMA, TEGDMA, urethane dimethacrylate and barium aluminum silicate, silicon oxide nanoparticles, camphorquinone, accelerators, stabilizers, and pigments. 030911
Sealant surface BisCover LV Bisco (Schaumburg, IL, USA) Ethoxylated bisphenol A diacrylate, urethane acrylate ester, and polyethylene glycol diacrylate. 1100010361
Hydrogen peroxide 35% Whiteness HP Maxx 35% FGM (Joinville, SC, Brazil) Hydrogen peroxide 35%, thickeners, dye mixtures, glycol, inorganic filler, and deionized water. 140711
Carbamide peroxide 16% Whiteness Perfect 16% FGM (Joinville, SC, Brazil) Carbamide peroxide, neutralized carbopol, potassium nitrate, sodium fluoride, humectant (glycol), and deionized water. 020911

bis-GMA, bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate; bis-EMA, ethoxylated bisphenol A glycol dimethacrylate; TEGDMA, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate.

Table 2.
Mean values of Knoop microhardness before and after bleaching with carbamide peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, and distilled water (control) for all materials used
Materials Before bleaching After bleaching with 16% carbamide peroxide After bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide Control
Opallis 83.5 ± 4.5 b 80.4 ± 6.6 b 80.5 ± 4.9 b 91.2 ± 4.3 a
Opallis + BisCover 24.5 ± 2.5 b 25.4 ± 2.6 b 25.6 ± 2.3 b 28.1 ± 0.8 a
Supreme XT 92.9 ± 4.1 a 93.1 ± 2.2 a 93.0 ± 1.5 a 95.0 ± 7.6 a
Supreme XT + BisCover 28.1 ± 2.9 a 28.4 ± 1.7 a 29.5 ± 3.8 a 28.4 ± 2.3 a
Enamel 423.9 ± 30.5 a 200.0 ± 23.8 b 163.6 ± 54.9 b 398.6 ± 0.0 a

Data shown are mean ± standard deviation.

a,b Lowercase superscripts indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between values in the same row.

Table 3.
Mean values of roughness before and after bleaching with carbamide peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, and distilled water (control) for all materials used
Materials Before bleaching 1 After bleaching with 16% carbamide peroxide After bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide Control
Opallis 0.037 ± 0.007 b 0.048 ± 0.029 a 0.032 ± 0.003 b 0.035 ± 0.004 b
Opallis + BisCover 0.030 ± 0.007 a 0.032 ± 0.005 a 0.030 ± 0.004 a 0.026 ± 0.004 a
Supreme XT 0.028 ± 0.005 a 0.029 ± 0.004 a 0.029 ± 0.002 a 0.027 ± 0.005 a
Supreme XT + BisCover 0.027 ± 0.006 a 0.029 ± 0.005 a 0.029 ± 0.003 a 0.026 ± 0.005 a
Enamel 0.059 ± 0.017 a,b 0.067 ± 0.013 a 0.048 ± 0.008 b 0.071 ± 0.008 a

Data shown are mean ± standard deviation.

a,b Lowercase superscripts indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between values in the same row.

TOOLS
Similar articles