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Reichlin and Crimm: Anomalous, Dual Left Coronary System: an Exceedingly Rare Variant
Images in Cardiovascular Disease

Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging 2020; 28(1): 67-69.

Published online: 2 September 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4250/jcvi.2019.0055

Anomalous, Dual Left Coronary System: an Exceedingly Rare Variant

Katy M. Reichlin, DO1, Hampton A. Crimm, MD2

1Department of Family Medicine, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA, USA.

2Cardiology Service, Department of Medicine, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA, USA.

Address for Correspondence: Hampton A. Crimm, MD. Cardiology Service, Department of Medicine, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, 9300 Dewitt Loop, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060, USA. hampton.a.crimm.mil@mail.mil

Received 13 June 2019       Revised 10 July 2019       Accepted 22 August 2019

Copyright © 2020 Korean Society of Echocardiography

Korean Society of Echocardiography

(open-access, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A 63-year-old female, with atypical chest pain had an elevated serum troponin T at 0.05 ng/mL (lab upper limit of normal 0.03 ng/mL) which normalized upon serial testing. As part of her initial workup, she underwent computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiography which was initially thought to be unremarkable, though secondary analysis suggested an anomalous coronary origin. Subsequently, a dedicated coronary CT angiogram illuminated the coronary anomalies including: anomalous, distinct origins of the left main and long, dual left anterior descending arteries along with a normal right coronary artery emanating from a common ostium off the right coronary cusp without atherosclerotic disease otherwise (Figure 1). Despite a mild initial troponin elevation, the patient’s lack of exertional symptoms, normal myocardial perfusion SPECT, normal 12-lead electrocardiogram even during an episode of chest pain, and relatively older age at the time of discovery suggested a benign prognosis. As such, she was managed conservatively (without surgery) and continues to do well at short-term clinical follow-up.
Coronary anomalies are observed in less than 1% of patients referred for coronary imaging.1) Dual left anterior descending variants are encountered at an even lower rate (0.1% in one series).2) Anomalous left coronary arteries which course in-between the aorta and pulmonary artery (interarterial) and those with acute take-off angles of less than 45 degrees are associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac death while other variants are generally considered benign.1) This case highlights the often occult nature of coronary anomalies, which may be life threatening, and offers a reminder that chest CTs, even when performed for other reasons, may offer a first-glimpse of such anomalies. Fortunately, the particular anomaly discovered here is likely benign though is exceedingly rare, having only been described once before.3)

Notes

Conflict of Interest: The authors have no financial conflicts of interest.

References

1. Cheezum MK, Liberthson RR, Shah NR, et al. Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery from the inappropriate sinus of Valsalva. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017; 69:1592–1608. PMID: 28335843.
2. Agarwal PP, Kazerooni EA. Dual left anterior descending coronary artery: CT findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008; 191:1698–1701. PMID: 19020238.
3. Al-Umairi RS, Al-Kindi FA, Al-Tai SA. A new variant of dual left anterior descending artery anomaly: type XI. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2018; 18:e386–e388. PMID: 30607284.
Figure 1

Coronary computed tomography angiogram. (A) In axial view, the left main (arrowhead) and long, dual left anterior descending (wide arrow) arteries emanate from unique origins from a common trunk along the right coronary cusp. (B) The right coronary artery (narrow arrow) begins, as expected, from another ostium off the same trunk. (C) In sagittal view, the prepulmonic course of the long, dual left anterior descending artery (wide arrow) is demonstrated in addition to the subpulmonic course of the left main artery (arrowhead). (D and E) The spatial relationships of the coronary arteries are highlighted in 3-D volume rendered models, which demonstrate the benign arterial courses again including: subpulmonic course of the left main (arrowhead) traversing the pulmonary infundibulum and interventricular septum then yielding the short, dual left anterior descending artery and left circumflex arteries; the prepulmonic course of the long, left anterior descending artery (wide arrow); and the normal right coronary artery (narrow arrow). Ao: aorta, LA: left atrium, LV: left ventricle, RV: right ventricle, PA: pulmonary artery.

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