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Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to explore and compare the knowledge structure of pain management nursing research, between Korea and other countries, applying a text network analysis.
Methods
321 Korean and 6,685 international study abstracts of pain management, published from 2004 to 2017, were collected. Keywords and meaningful morphemes from the abstracts were analyzed and refined, and their co-occurrence matrix was generated. Two networks of 140 and 424 keywords, respectively, of domestic and international studies were analyzed using NetMiner 4.3 software for degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, and eigenvector community analysis.
Results
In both Korean and international studies, the most important, core-keywords were “pain,” “patient,” “pain management,” “registered nurses,” “care,” “cancer,” “need,” “analgesia,” “assessment,” and “surgery.” While some keywords like “education,” “knowledge,” and “patient-controlled analgesia” found to be important in Korean studies; “treatment,” “hospice palliative care,” and “children” were critical keywords in international studies. Three common sub-topic groups found in Korean and international studies were “pain and accompanying symptoms,” “target groups of pain management,” and “RNs’ performance of pain management.” It is only in recent years (2016~17), that keywords such as “performance,” “attitude,” “depression,” and “sleep” have become more important in Korean studies than, while keywords such as “assessment,” “intervention,” “analgesia,” and “chronic pain” have become important in international studies.
Conclusion
It is suggested that Korean pain-management researchers should expand their concerns to children and adolescents, the elderly, patients with chronic pain, patients in diverse healthcare settings, and patients’ use of opioid analgesia. Moreover, researchers need to approach pain-management with a quality of life perspective rather than a mere focus on individual symptoms.
References
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Figure 2.
Sociogram as the knowledge structure of pain management nursing research. (A) Text-network of Korean studies. (B) Text-network of international studies.
Table 1.
Core-topic Keywords of the Pain Management Nursing Research
Table 2.
The Subtopic Groups of Pain Management Nursing Research
| Korean research |
| †1. Pain and accompanying symptoms |
| pain, anxiety, intensity, pain relief, scale, depression, fatigue, neonate, measurement, dysmenorrhea, health, sleep, quality, children, intervention, surgery, nausea, vomiting, guideline, EBP |
| 2. Target groups of pain management |
| patient, cancer, family, care, arthritis, caregiver, PCA, postoperative, QOL, dementia, education, need, preoperative, intravenous, breast, lung, survival |
| 3. RNs’ performance of pain management |
| pain management, knowledge, performance, RNs, barrier, satisfaction, attitude, development, strategy, protocol, hospital, physicians, hospice palliative care, cancer pain, analgesia |
| 4. Symptom management program |
| symptom, management, program, nursing care, assessment, score |
| International research |
| 1. Pain and accompanying symptoms |
| †1) pain, relationship, self-report, abdominal, chest, perineal, complex, ability, stress, discomfort, non-verbal, question, life, burn, self-efficacy, subjective, syndrome, vital signs, dimension, joint, dysmenorrhea |
| 2) symptom, distress, depression, cluster, scale, QOL, fatigue, measurement, score, intensity, anxiety, frequency, improvement, occurrence, gastrointestinal, sleep, respiratory, screen, NRS, VAS, comfort |
| 3) physical, function, psychologic, emotion, social, disability, well-being, spiritual, physiology, behavior, cognition, impairment, bowel |
| 4) validity, reliability, version, instrument, questionnaire, China |
| 5) nausea, vomiting |
| 6) pain score, reduction |
| 2. Target groups of pain management |
| †1) patient, hospitalize, carer, orthopaedic, survival, cardiac, ventilation, heart failure, quality of care, metastasis, fibromyalgia, follow-up, agreement, rehabilitation, teaching, convenience sample, colonoscopy, advocacy, kidney, brain, audit |
| 2) female, male, breast, gender, ethnic, race, participant, cesarian section, interview, semistructured, telephone |
| 3) chronic pain, back pain, non-cancer pain, suffer, wound, healing, individual, lung, disease, head and neck cancer |
| 4) hip, fracture, knee, arthritis |
| 5) leg, ulcer, venous |
| 6) substance, abuse, history |
| 7) neuropathic pain, peripheral, nerve |
| 3. RNs’ performance of pain management |
| †1) pain management, strategy, intervention, education, guideline, nursing care, quality, program, clinic, plan, implementation, evaluation, EBP, documentation, development, research, multidisciplinary approach, management, factor, training |
| 2) RNs, knowledge, assessment, attitude, perception, parent, survey, performance, satisfaction, barrier, researcher, belief, worker, student, consultation, ethics, clinician, gap, translation, confidence |
| 3) family, caregiver, support, hospice palliative care, health, healthcare professionals, physicians, need, information, communication, team, person, HIV/AIDS, policy, healthcare, system, advanced cancer |
| 4. Diverse care settings |
| 1) care, end-of-life, setting, older adult, facility, midwife, holistic, community, cost-effective, acute pain, preference, utilization, pathway, perspective, practitioner, burden, preoperative, decision-making, acute care |
| 2) hospital, admission, unit, discharge, surgery, ward, emergency room, public, ICU, Australia, private, medical, referral, academic, anesthesia, maternity, neonate |
| 3) children, cancer, adolescent, adult, population, illness, vulnerable, SCD, Taiwan |
| 4) home, resident, death, staff, nursing home, dementia |
| 5) science, web-based, United-States, African |
| 6) infant, mother, heel lancing |
| 5. Analgesia and other forms of treatment |
| 1) opioid analgesia, dosage, administration, oral, medication, side effect, drug, fentanyl, long-term care, oxycodone, sucrose |
| 2) treatment, diagnose, modality, protocol, standard, acupuncture, placebo, prevention, CAM, benefit, regimen |
| 3) massage, therapy, hand, technique, relaxation, imagery, music therapy, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, reiki |
| 4) analgesia, PCA, epidural, consumption, sedation, intravenous, cancer pain, PRN analgesia, infusion, acetaminophen |
| 5) pain relief, labor, non-pharmacologic, postoperative, pharmacologic, delirium |
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