Symptomatic differences between allergic and nonallergic rhinitis in children

Ji Young Ahn; Jung Eun Kim; Bong Seok Choi

doi:10.4168/aard.2015.3.5.341

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Ahn, Kim, and Choi: Symptomatic differences between allergic and nonallergic rhinitis in children

Original Article

Allergy, Asthma & Respiratory Disease 2015; 3(5): 341-345.

Published online: 30 September 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4168/aard.2015.3.5.341

Symptomatic differences between allergic and nonallergic rhinitis in children

Ji Young Ahn, Jung Eun Kim, Bong Seok Choi

Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.

Correspondence to: Bong Seok Choi. Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Korea. Tel: +82-53-200-5704, Fax: +82-53-425-6683, bschoi@knu.ac.kr

Received 21 May 2015 Revised 11 July 2015 Accepted 13 July 2015

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/).

Abstract

Purpose

Children and adolescent have high prevalences of allergic rhinitis (AR) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) as well as adult. The purpose of this study was to assess the symptomatic differences between AR and NAR in children.

Methods

This study included 138 patients with 2 or more of rhinitis symptoms, including rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, nasal itching, and sneezing for over 1 hour on most days who visited Kyungpook National University Children's Hospital between March 2013 and June 2014. The levels of total IgE, specific IgE, eosinophil cationic protein, peripheral blood eosinophil count, and the skin prick test were carried out. All the patients or parents were asked to fill out a rhinitis symptom questionnaire and contents were rechecked by physician during the consultation. The symptoms of rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal itching, nasal obstruction and eye itching were checked. Family history and comorbidity were also evaluated.

Results

Ninety-one patients were diagnosed with AR, 47 patients with NAR. Their age ranged from 1 to 16 years. AR patients had more sneezing, nasal pruritus and eye symptoms than NAR patients (P=0.003, P=0.036, and P=0.003, respectively).

Conclusion

This study shows that the several symptomatic differences may help to diagnose the AR. It will be helpful in establishing diagnostic and treatment plans for rhinitis patients before allergic tests.

Keywords: Vasomotor rhinitis, Allergic rhinitis, Child, Symptom

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Symptomatic differences between allergic and nonallergic rhinitis in children. AR, allergic rhinitis; NAR, nonallergic rhinitis.

Table 1

Demographics of subjects

Demographic	AR (n = 91)	NAR (n = 47)	P-value
Sex
Male:female	62:29	68:19	NS
Age (yr)	4.3 ± 5.6	2.8 ± 4.3	< 0.001
Total IgE (IU/mL)	89.5 ± 181.2	79 ± 65.3	< 0.001
Eosinophil (/mm³)	974.4 ± 1,613.1	488.9 ± 493.9	0.001
ECP	30.2 ± 38.2	21.0 ± 21.0	NS

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.

AR, allergic rhinitis; NAR, nonallergic rhinitis; NS, nonspecific; ECP, eosinophil cationic protein.

Table 2

ARIA classification

Classification	AR (n = 91)	NAR (n = 47)	P-value
Mild-intermittent	20 (22.0)	5 (10.6)	NS
Moderate-severe intermittent	5 (5.5)	4 (8.5)	NS
Mild persistent	24 (26.4)	16 (34.0)	NS
Moderate-severe persistent	42 (46.2)	22 (46.8)	NS

Values are presented as number (%).

ARIA, Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma; AR, allergic rhinitis; NAR, nonallergic rhinitis; NS, nonspecific.

Table 3

Comorbidity of subjects

Comorbidity	AR	NAR	P-value
Asthma	23.1%	4.3%	0.007
Atopic dermatitis	16.5%	14.9%	NS
Otitis media	11.2%	6.5%	NS
Sinusitis	29.2%	41.3%	NS
Sleep disturbance	36.0%	30.4%	NS

AR, allergic rhinitis; NAR, nonallergic rhinitis; NS, nonspecific.

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ORCID iDs: Bong Seok Choi
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2129-7232
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