Journal List > J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs > v.26(2) > 1058371

Cho, Kim, and Park: Differences in the Characteristics of Sexual Abuse Victimization between Low- and High-Grade Elementary School Children and Correlations among the Characteristics

Abstract

Purpose

This study is attempted to figure out the characteristics of sexual abuse victimization in low- and high-grade elementary school children and furthermore to help develop appropriate preventive educational programs against sexual abuse by grade.

Methods

Data were collected from 156 sexual abuse victims who were elementary school children and visited the Child Sexual Abuse Response Center in D City during the period from 2010 to 2012. Differences in general and victimization-related characteristics between low and high graders and the correlations among the characteristics were analyzed.

Results

The results showed statistically significant difference between low and high graders in two variables: offender-victim relationship, and the type of sexual abuse. Offender-victim relationship was in a significant correlation with the duration of victimization (r=.576, p<.001), frequency of abuse (r=.546, p<.001), location (r=-.479, p<.001), and time (r=.435, p<.001). The type of sexual abuse was in a significant correlation with frequency (r=.175, p=.029) and time (r=.261, p=.001).

Conclusion

Appropriate educational programs should be developed for preventing sexual assaults in consideration of difference in victimization-related characteristics between low and high graders. In addition, such programs should be applied fittingly to the learners'grade, gender, and cognitive level.

Figures and Tables

Table 1

General Characteristics of Child Sexual Abuse Victims (N=156)

jkachn-26-119-i001
Characteristics Categories Lower grade Upper grade x2 (p)
n (%) n (%)
Gender Male 14 (20.9) 16 (18.0) 0.21 (.647)
Female 53 (79.1) 73 (82.0)
Disability Yes 9 (13.4) 19 (21.3) 1.63 (.202)
No 58 (86.6) 70 (78.7)
Two parent family Yes 43 (64.2) 47 (52.8) 2.03 (.155)
No 24 (35.8) 42 (47.2)
Table 2

Victimization Characteristics between Lower and Upper Grade Victims (N=156)

jkachn-26-119-i002
Characteristics Categories Lower grade Upper grade x2 (p)
n (%) n (%)
Offender - Victim's relationship Intrafamilial 14 (20.9) 35 (39.3) 6.89 (.032)
Extrafamilial 36 (53.7) 41 (46.1)
Strangers 17 (25.4) 13 (14.6)
Types of the sexual abuse Indecent assault 54 (80.6) 54 (60.7) 11.95 (.003)
Analogous rape 12 (17.9) 19 (21.3)
Rape 1 (1.5) 16 (18.0)
Duration of the sexual abuse 1 day 39 (58.2) 43 (48.3) 2.50 (.287)
2 days -1 year 18 (26.9) 24 (27.0)
>1 year 10 (14.9) 22 (24.7)
Frequency of the sexual abuse 1 37 (55.2) 43 (48.3) 3.82 (.148)
2~9 18 (26.9) 18 (20.2)
≥10 12 (17.9) 28 (31.5)
Location of the sexual abuse Indoor 46 (68.7) 70 (78.7) 2.00 (.157)
Outdoor 21 (31.3) 19 (21.3)
Time at sexual abuse Day 39 (58.2) 41 (46.1) 3.03 (.220)
Night 17 (25.4) 24 (27.0)
Mixed 11 (16.4) 24 (27.0)
Table 3

Correlation between Victimization Characteristics, Lower and Upper Grade Victims (N=156)

jkachn-26-119-i003
Variables X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6
r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p)
Victim's grade at assault (X1) 1
Offender - Victim's relationship (X2) .21 (.010) 1
Types of the sexual abuse (X3) .27 (.001) .12 (.128) 1
Duration of the sexual abuse (X4) .11 (.169) .58 (<.001) .12 (.133) 1
Frequency of the sexual abuse (X5) .13 (.105) .55 (<.001) .18 (.029) .89 (<.001) 1
Location of the sexual abuse (X6) -.11 (.159) -.48 (<.001) .03 (.721) -.37 (<.001) -.40 (<.001) 1
Time at sexual abuse (X7) .03 (.761) .44 (<.001) .26 (.001) .56 (<.001) .58 (<.001) -.15 (.062)
Table 4

Victimization Characteristics according to General Characteristics of Lower and Upper Grade Victims (N=156)

jkachn-26-119-i004
Characteristics Classification Lower grade Upper grade
Gender Disability Two parent family Gender Disability Two parent family
Male Female Yes No Yes No Male Female Yes No Yes No
n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%)
Offender-Victim relationship Intrafamilial 3 (21.4) 11 (20.8) 1 (11.1) 13 (22.4) 11 (25.6) 3 (12.5) 2 (12.5) 33 (45.2) 6 (31.6) 29 (41.4) 15 (31.9) 20 (47.6)
Extrafamilial 7 (50.0) 29 (54.7) 6 (66.7) 30 (51.7) 20 (46.5) 16 (66.7) 14 (87.5) 27 (37.0) 10 (52.6) 31 (44.3) 24 (51.1) 17 (40.5)
Strangers 4 (28.6) 13 (24.5) 3 (22.2) 15 (25.9) 12 (27.9) 5 (20.8) 0 (0.0) 13 (17.8) 3 (15.8) 10 (14.3) 8 (17.0) 5 (11.9)
x2 (p) 0.12 (.923) 0.84 (.891) 2.73 (.255) 13.69 (.001) 0.62 (.734) 2.33 (.312)
Types of the sexual abuse Indecent assault 9 (64.3) 45 (84.9) 5 (55.6) 49 (84.5) 33 (76.8) 21 (87.5) 10 (62.5) 44 (60.3) 7 (36.8) 47 (67.1) 31 (66.0) 23 (54.8)
Analogous rape 5 (35.7) 7 (13.2) 3 (33.3) 9 (15.5) 9 (20.9) 3 (12.5) 6 (37.5) 13 (17.8) 7 (36.8) 12 (17.1) 13 (27.7) 6 (14.3)
Rape 0 (0.0) 1 (1.9) 1 (11.1) 0 (0.0) 1 (2.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 16 (21.9) 5 (26.3) 11 (15.7) 3 (6.4) 13 (31.0)
x2 (p) 3.98 (.178) 8.64 (.027) 1.39 (.687) 5.90 (.041) 5.91 (.047) 9.76 (.008)
Duration of the sexual abuse 1 day 8 (57.1) 31 (58.5) 6 (66.7) 33 (56.9) 25 (58.1) 14 (58.3) 7 (43.8) 36 (49.3) 10 (52.6) 33 (47.1) 23 (48.9) 20 (47.6)
2 days -1 year 5 (35.7) 13 (24.5) 2 (22.2) 16 (27.6) 13 (30.2) 5 (20.8) 7 (43.8) 17 (23.3) 5 (26.3) 19 (27.1) 14 (29.8) 10 (23.8)
>1 year 1 (7.1) 9 (17.0) 1 (11.1) 9 (15.5) 5 (11.6) 5 (20.8) 2 (12.5) 20 (27.4) 4 (21.1) 18 (25.7) 10 (21.3) 12 (28.6)
x2 (p) 1.24 (.588) 0.31 (1.000) 1.38 (.501) 3.30 (.216) 0.23 (.892) 0.78 (.677)
Frequency of the sexual abuse 1 7 (50.0) 30 (56.6) 5 (55.6) 32 (55.2) 24 (55.8) 13 (54.2) 7 (43.8) 36 (49.3) 10 (52.6) 33 (47.1) 23 (48.9) 20 (47.6)
2~9 6 (42.9) 12 (22.6) 3 (33.3) 15 (25.9) 12 (27.9) 6 (25.0) 6 (37.5) 12 (16.4) 3 (15.8) 15 (21.4) 10 (21.3) 8 (19.0)
≥10 1 (7.1) 11 (20.8) 1 (11.1) 11 (19.0) 7 (16.3) 5 (20.8) 3 (18.8) 25 (34.2) 6 (31.6) 22 (31.4) 14 (29.8) 14 (33.3)
x2 (p) 2.92 (.268) 0.43 (.897) 0.23 (.889) 3.96 (.138) 0.33 (.849) 0.15 (.927)
Location of the sexual abuse Indoor 11 (78.6) 35 (66.0) 5 (55.6) 41 (70.7) 30 (69.8) 16 (66.7) 12 (75.0) 58 (79.5) 14 (73.7) 56 (80.0) 36 (76.6) 34 (81.0)
Outdoor 3 (21.4) 18 (34.0) 4 (44.4) 17 (29.3) 13 (30.2) 8 (33.3) 4 (25.0) 15 (20.5) 5 (26.3) 14 (20.0) 11 (23.4) 8 (19.0)
x2 (p) 0.81 (.522) 0.83 (.446) 0.07 (.793) 0.16 (.739) 0.36 (.541) 0.25 (.617)
Time at sexual abuse Day 6 (42.9) 33 (62.3) 7 (77.8) 32 (55.2) 27 (62.8) 12 (50.0) 10 (62.5) 31 (42.5) 11 (57.9) 30 (42.9) 24 (51.1) 17 (40.5)
Night 5 (35.7) 12 (22.6) 1 (11.1) 16 (27.6) 8 (18.6) 9 (37.5) 4 (25.0) 20 (27.4) 2 (10.5) 22 (31.4) 12 (25.5) 12 (28.6)
Mixed 3 (21.4) 8 (15.1) 1 (11.1) 10 (17.2) 8 (18.6) 3 (12.5) 2 (12.5) 22 (30.1) 6 (31.6) 18 (25.7) 11 (23.4) 13 (31.0)
x2 (p) 1.73 (.370) 1.70 (.541) 2.95 (.229) 2.69 (.296) 3.35 (.188) 1.09 (.581)

Fisher's exact test.

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