Diagnosis of Flatfoot Deformity

Tae Hoon Lee; Suh Woo Chay; Hak Jun Kim

doi:10.14193/jkfas.2016.20.1.1

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Lee, Chay, and Kim: Diagnosis of Flatfoot Deformity

Review Article

J Korean Foot Ankle Soc 2016;20(1):1-5.

Published online: 10 March 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14193/jkfas.2016.20.1.1

Diagnosis of Flatfoot Deformity

Tae Hoon Lee, Suh Woo Chay, Hak Jun Kim

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

Corresponding Author: Hak Jun Kim Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Korea Tel: 82-2-2626-3090, Fax: 82-2-2626-1164, E-mail: dakjul@hanmail.net

Received 17 January 2016 Revised 15 February 2016 Accepted 16 February 2016

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Flatfoot is defined as loss of medial arch with hindfoot valgus, but normal condition is obscure due to wide individual variance. Loss or decreasing of medial longitudinal arch with radiographic image is clinically diagnosed as flatfoot. Flatfoot without symptoms is not an indication for treatment. The etiologies of flatfoot are congenital cause, hypermobility, tarsal coalition, neuromuscular disease, posttraumatic deformity, Charcot arthropathy, and posterior tibial tendon dysfuction. The flatfoot is classified as congenital and acquired, flexible, and rigid. The diagnosis is made by physical examination and radiographic findings. In particular, the posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is known as adult acquired flatfoot.

Keywords: Flatfoot, Diagnosis

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Figure 1.

Radiologic images show tarsal coalition. (A) Talocalcaneal coalition is shown at computed tomography. (B) Calcaneonavicular coaltion is shown at oblique plain radiograph.

Figure 2.

Radiographic parameters are shown on weightbearing anteroposterior radiograph. a: talo-first metatarsal angle, b: talocalcaneal angle, c: talar coverage angle.

Figure 3.

Radiographic parameters are shown on weightbearing lateral radiograph. a: talocalcaneal angle, b: talo-first metatarsal angle, c: calcaneal pitch angle, d: distance to medial cuneiform.

Figure 4.

Photograph of patient with flatfoot. Heel valgus and too-many toe sign is visible from behind view.

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