Fluid therapy: classification and characteristics of intravenous fluids

Sun Joon Bai; Jong Wha Lee; Ki-Young Lee

doi:10.5124/jkma.2010.53.12.1103

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Bai, Lee, and Lee: Fluid therapy: classification and characteristics of intravenous fluids

Continuing Education Column

Journal of the Korean Medical Association

Journal of the Korean Medical Association 2010; 53(12): 1103-1112.

Published online: 7 December 2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2010.53.12.1103

Fluid therapy: classification and characteristics of intravenous fluids

Sun Joon Bai, MD, Jong Wha Lee, MD, Ki-Young Lee, MD

Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Ki-Young Lee, kylee504@yuhs.ac

Received 18 October 2010 Accepted 3 November 2010

(open-access):

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Fluid and electrolyte therapies including nutritional support are markedly developing in medicine and many kinds of commercial fluids are being introduced to clinical practice. Understanding the characteristics and usefulness of intravenous fluids is necessary to manage patients properly. Disputes about the usefulness of crystalloid or colloid solutions for specific clinical conditions still continue. To make ideal fluid therapy possible, many kinds of fluids will be developed and applied to clinical practice in the near future by mimicking the composition and functions of human body fluids. The selection of crystalloid and colloid solutions for fluid therapy should be performed by considering patients' clinical and pathophysiological conditions and the characteristics and usefulness of each intravenous fluid.

Keywords: Fluid therapy, Intravenous fluid, Crystalloid solution, Colloid solution

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Calculations of fluid requirements by 4-2-1 rule^a)

^a)Assumes a patient weighing 25 kg, resulting in an estimated fluid requirement of 65 mL/hr.

Table 2

Comparison of plasma and crystalloid infusion fluids

^a)lsolyte also contains phosphate (1 mEq/L).

Table 3

Comparative features of colloid

Data from References 1, 12-14, and 17.

Table 4

Electrolyte concentration of balanced HES-preparations

^a)HES: hetastarch

Table 5

Crystalloids vs. colloids

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