Journal List > Infect Chemother > v.43(6) > 1035117

Oh: Trend in Viral Infectious Diseases in Children

Abstract

Diseases caused by viral infections include mild illnesses such as common cold or exhibit temporary, non-life threatening symptoms such as mild fever, vomiting, diarrhea and rash, and as well as serious diseases which can be debilitating or life threatening such as measles, HIV/AIDS, and various hemorrhagic fevers. Viral infections occur in all age groups but particularly affect infants and young children. Some viral infections have become rare due to successful, widespread immunization programs. Although a high profile viral infection such as smallpox was eradicated by successful immunization efforts, the total number of human pathogenic viruses are increasing. In commemoration of the 50th anniversary for the founding of the Korean Society for Infectious Diseases, I will profile the viral diseases affecting children which have recently drawn our attention.

Figures and Tables

Table 1
Reported Cases of Notifiable Diseases, 2001-2010, Korean Centers for Disease Contol (incidence rate/100,000 population)
ic-43-435-i001

References

1. Lee N, Hui D, Wu A, Chan P, Cameron P, Joynt GM, Ahuja A, Yung MY, Leung CB, To KF, Lui SF, Szeto CC, Chung S, Sung JJ. A major outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong. N Engl J Med. 2003. 348:1986–1994.
crossref
2. Guan Y, Poon LL, Cheung CY, Ellis TM, Lim W, Lipatov AS, Chan KH, Sturm-Ramirez KM, Cheung CL, Leung YH, Yuen KY, Webster RG, Peiris JS. H5N1 influenza: a protean pandemic threat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004. 101:8156–8161.
crossref
3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Hospitalized patients with novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infection - California, April-May, 2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009. 58:536–541.
4. Papadopoulos NG, Moustaki M, Tsolia M, Bossios A, Astra E, Prezerakou A, Gourgiotis D, Kafetzis D. Association of rhinovirus infection with increased disease severity in acute bronchiolitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002. 165:1285–1289.
crossref
5. van den Hoogen BG, de Jong JC, Groen J, Kuiken T, de Groot R, Fouchier RA, Osterhaus AD. A newly discovered human pneumovirus isolated from young children with respiratory tract disease. Nat Med. 2001. 7:719–724.
crossref
6. van der Hoek L, Pyrc K, Jebbink MF, Vermeulen-Oost W, Berkhout RJ, Wolthers KC, Wertheim-van Dillen PM, Kaandorp J, Spaargaren J, Berkhout B. Identification of a new human coronavirus. Nat Med. 2004. 10:368–373.
crossref
7. Allander T, Tammi MT, Eriksson M, Bjerkner A, Tiveljung-Lindell A, Andersson B. Cloning of a human parvovirus by molecular screening of respiratory tract samples. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005. 102:12891–12896.
crossref
8. Ho M, Chen ER, Hsu KH, Twu SJ, Chen KT, Tsai SF, Wang JR, Shih SR. Taiwan Enterovirus Epidemic Working Group. An epidemic of enterovirus 71 infection in Taiwan. N Engl J Med. 1999. 341:929–935.
crossref
9. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). 2010 Infectious Diseases Surveillance Yearbook. 2011. Chungbuk: KCDC.
10. The Korean Pediatric Society. Immunization Guideline. 2008. 6th ed. Seoul: The Korean Pediatric Society.
11. Elimination of measles in the Republic of Korea, 2001-2006. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2007. 82(14):118–124.
12. Dayan GH, Quinlisk MP, Parker AA, Barskey AE, Harris ML, Schwartz JM, Hunt K, Finley CG, Leschinsky DP, O'Keefe AL, Clayton J, Kightlinger LK, Dietle EG, Berg J, Kenyon CL, Goldstein ST, Stokley SK, Redd SB, Rota PA, Rota J, Bi D, Roush SW, Bridges CB, Santibanez TA, Parashar U, Bellini WJ, Seward JF. Recent resurgence of mumps in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2008. 358:1580–1589.
crossref
13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Mumps epidemic--United kingdom, 2004-2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006. 55:173–175.
14. Peltola H, Davidkin I, Paunio M, Valle M, Leinikki P, Heinonen OP. Mumps and rubella eliminated from Finland. JAMA. 2000. 284:2643–2647.
crossref
15. Witte JJ, Karchmer AW. Epidemiology of rubella. Am J Dis Child. 1969. 118:107–112.
crossref
16. Yu JH, Kwak YH, Jung HS, Na SY, Lee HJ, Song KJ. A case of congenital rubella syndrome. Korean J Infect Dis. 1999. 31:439–444.
17. Yoon KC, Moon KH, Joo CU, Cho SC, Kim JS. A case of congenital rubella syndrome. J Korean Soc Neonatol. 1998. 5:108–111.
18. Lee SJ, Kim CH. Prevalence of rubella antibodies and preventive measures of congenital rubella syndrome in Korea. J Korean Pediatr Soc. 1996. 39:151–165.
19. Ki M, Choi BY, Kin MH, Shin YJ, Park T. Rubella seroprevalence in Korean children. J Korean Med Sci. 2003. 18:331–336.
crossref
20. Kim DJ, Park HS, Lee SY, Park KS, Kim TK, Song YH, Choi J, Han JW, Song YS, Park TJ, Kim HK, Lee SY, Lee SH, Kim HW, Oh SH. Epidemiology of varicella in Korea based on Pediatrician's office practice. J Korean Pediatr Soc. 1997. 40:620–628.
21. Guris D, Jumaan AO, Mascola L, Watson BM, Zhang JX, Chaves SS, Gargiullo P, Perella D, Civen R, Seward JF. Changing varicella epidemiology in active surveillance sites -- United States, 1995-2005. J Infect Dis. 2008. 197:Suppl 2. S71–S75.
22. Kroger AT, Atkinson WL, Marcuse EK, Pickering LK. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). General recommendations on immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2006. 55(RR-15):1–48.
23. Kim SH, Lee HJ, Park SE, Oh SH, Lee SY, Choi EH. Seroprevalence rate after one dose of varicella vaccine in infants. J Infect. 2010. 61:66–72.
crossref
24. Clark B, McKendrick M. A review of viral gastroenteritis. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2004. 17:461–469.
crossref
25. Ramaswamy K, Jacobson K. Infectious diarrhea in children. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2001. 30:611–624.
crossref
26. Cheun HI, Cho SH, Lee JH, Lim YY, Jeon JH, Yu JR, Kim TS, Lee WJ, Cho SH, Lee DY, Park MS, Jeong HS, Chen DS, Ji YM, Kwon MH. Infection Status of Hospitalized Diarrheal Patients with Gastrointestinal Protozoa, Bacteria, and Viruses in the Republic of Korea. Korean J Parasitol. 2010. 48:113–120.
crossref
27. Kim JS, Kang JO, Cho SC, Jang YT, Min SA, Park TH, Nyambat B, Jo DS, Gentsch J, Bresee JS, Mast TC, Kilgore PE. Epidemiological profile of rotavirus infection in the Republic of Korea: results from prospective surveillance in the Jeongeub District, 1 July 2002 through 30 June 2004. J Infect Dis. 2005. 192:Suppl 1. S49–S56.
crossref
28. Kang JO, Kilgore P, Kim JS, Nyambat B, Kim J, Suh HS, Yoon Y, Jang S, Chang C, Choi S, Kim MN, Gentsch J, Bresee J, Glass R. Molecular epidemiological profile of rotavirus in South Korea, July 2002 through June 2003: emergence of G4P[6] and G9P[8] strains. J Infect Dis. 2005. 192:Suppl 1. S57–S63.
crossref
29. Kang JO, Kim CR, Kilgore PE, Choi TY. G and P genotyping of human rotavirus isolated in a university hospital in Korea: implications for nosocomial infections. J Korean Med Sci. 2006. 21:983–988.
crossref
30. Murphy TV, Gargiullo PM, Massoudi MS, Nelson DB, Jumaan AO, Okoro CA, Zanardi LR, Setia S, Fair E, LeBaron CW, Wharton M, Livengood JR. Rotavirus Intussusception Investigation Team. Intussusception among infants given an oral rotavirus vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2001. 344:564–572.
crossref
31. Vesikari T, Matson DO, Dennehy P, Van Damme P, Santosham M, Rodriguez Z, Dallas MJ, Heyse JF, Goveia MG, Black SB, Shinefield HR, Christie CD, Ylitalo S, Itzler RF, Coia ML, Onorato MT, Adeyi BA, Marshall GS, Gothefors L, Campens D, Karvonen A, Watt JP, O'Brien KL, DiNubile MJ, Clark HF, Boslego JW, Offit PA, Heaton PM. Rotavirus Efficacy and Safety Trial (REST) Study Team. Safety and efficacy of a pentavalent human-bovine (WC3) reassortant rotavirus vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2006. 354:23–33.
crossref
32. Ruiz-Palacios GM, Pérez-Schael I, Velázquez FR, Abate H, Breuer T, Clemens SC, Cheuvart B, Espinoza F, Gillard P, Innis BL, Cervantes Y, Linhares AC, López P, Macías-Parra M, Ortega-Barría E, Richardson V, Rivera-Medina DM, Rivera L, Salinas B, Pavía-Ruz N, Salmerón J, Rüttimann R, Tinoco JC, Rubio P, Nuñez E, Guerrero ML, Yarzábal JP, Damaso S, Tornieporth N, Sáez-Llorens X, Vergara RF, Vesikari T, Bouckenooghe A, Clemens R, De Vos B, O'Ryan M. Human Rotavirus Vaccine Study Group. Safety and efficacy of an attenuated vaccine against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis. N Engl J Med. 2006. 354:11–22.
crossref
33. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). Analysis of reported pandemic influenza(A/H1N1 2009) virus infections in Korea: from April, 2009 through August, 2010. Public Health Weekly Report. 2010. 35:638–642.
34. Cherry JD. Feigin RD, Cherry JD, editors. Adenoviral infections. Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases. 1998. 4th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders;1666–1684.
35. White GB, Stancliffe D. Letter: Viruses and gastroenteritis. Lancet. 1975. 2:703.
36. Lee J, Choi EH, Lee HJ. Clinical severity of respiratory adenoviral infection by serotypes in Korean children over 17 consecutive years (1991-2007). J Clin Virol. 2010. 49:115–120.
crossref
37. Lee J, Choi EH, Lee HJ. Comprehensive serotyping and epidemiology of human adenovirus isolated from the respiratory tract of Korean children over 17 consecutive years (1991-2007). J Med Virol. 2010. 82:624–631.
crossref
38. van den Hoogen BG, de Jong JC, Groen J, Kuiken T, de Groot R, Fouchier RA, Osterhaus AD. A newly discovered human pneumovirus isolated from young children with respiratory tract disease. Nat Med. 2001. 7:719–724.
crossref
39. Esper F, Boucher D, Weibel C, Martinello RA, Kahn JS. Human metapneumovirus infection in the United States: clinical manifestations associated with a newly emerging respiratory infection in children. Pediatrics. 2003. 111:1407–1410.
crossref
40. Kim CK, Choi J, Callaway Z, Kim HB, Chung JY, Koh YY, Shin BM. Clinical and epidemiological comparison of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in Seoul, Korea, 2003-2008. J Korean Med Sci. 2010. 25:342–347.
crossref
41. Allander T, Tammi MT, Eriksson M, Bjerkner A, Tiveljung-Lindell A, Andersson B. Cloning of a human parvovirus by molecular screening of respiratory tract samples. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005. 102:12891–12896.
crossref
42. Sung JY, Lee HJ, Eun BW, Kim SH, Lee SY, Lee JY, Park KU, Choi EH. Role of human coronavirus NL63 in hospitalized children with croup. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2010. 29:822–826.
crossref
43. Han TH, Chung JY, Kim SW, Hwang ES. Human Coronavirus-NL63 infections in Korean children, 2004-2006. J Clin Virol. 2007. 38:27–31.
crossref
44. Choi JH, Paik JY, Choi EH, Lee HJ. Epidemiologic characteristics of human bocavirus-associated respiratory infection in children. Korean J Pediatr Infect Dis. 2011. 18:61–67.
crossref
45. Fox JP, Cooney MK, Hall CE, Foy HM. Rhinoviruses in Seattle families, 1975-1979. Am J Epidemiol. 1985. 122:830–846.
crossref
46. Juvén T, Mertsola J, Waris M, Leinonen M, Meurman O, Roivainen M, Eskola J, Saikku P, Ruuskanen O. Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in 254 hospitalized children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2000. 19:293–298.
crossref
47. Yang F, Ren L, Xiong Z, Li J, Xiao Y, Zhao R, He Y, Bu G, Zhou S, Wang J, Qi J. Enterovirus 71 outbreak in the People's Republic of China in 2008. J Clin Microbiol. 2009. 47:2351–2352.
crossref
48. Ryu WS, Kang B, Hong J, Hwang S, Kim J, Cheon DS. Clinical and etiological characteristics of enterovirus 71-related diseases during a recent 2-year period in Korea. J Clin Microbiol. 2010. 48:2490–2494.
crossref
49. Kim NJ, Sung JK, Lee SW, Lee KT, Lee SM, Kim SH, Lee BS, Kim JH, Yu JH, Lee HY. An outbreak of hepatitis A in Taejeon city. Korean J Gastroenterol. 1999. 34:205–212.
50. Lee H, Cho HK, Kim JH, Kim KH. Seroepidemiology of hepatitis A in Korea: changes over the past 30 years. J Korean Med Sci. 2011. 26:791–796.
crossref
51. Hong WS, Kim CY. Seroepidemiology of type A and type B hepatitis in Seoul area. Korean J Intern Med. 1982. 25:19–26.
52. Lim DS, Cho KH, Kim HC. Seroepidemiological study of anti-HAV antibody in Cheon-Buk province in 1989. Korean J Intern Med. 1992. 43:57–65.
53. Sohn YM, Rho HO, Park MS, Park JH, Choi BY, Ki M, Jang WI. The changing epidemiology of hepatitis A in children and the consideration of active immunization in Korea. Yonsei Med J. 2000. 41:34–39.
crossref
54. Kwon YO, Choi IJ, Jung JW, Park JH. An epidemiologic study on the sero- positive rate of hepatitis A virus among a selected group of children and adults in Busan. Korean J Pediatr. 2007. 50:262–267.
crossref
55. Moon HW, Cho JH, Hur M, Yun YM, Choe WH, Kwon SY, Lee CH. Laboratory characteristics of recent hepatitis A in Korea: ongoing epidemiological shift. World J Gastroenterol. 2010. 16:1115–1118.
crossref
56. Choe YH, Seo JK, Yun JH, Lee HS. Recent changes in prevalence of hepatitis B viral markers in preschool children in Seoul, 1995. J Korean Pediatr Soc. 1996. 39:1254–1259.
57. Chae HB, Kim JH, Kim JK, Yim HJ. Current status of liver diseases in Korea: hepatitis B. Korean J Hepatol. 2009. 15:Suppl 6. S13–S24.
crossref
TOOLS
Similar articles