Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Association with the Risk of Pancreatic Carcinogenesis: A Review

Belete Biadgo; Molla Abebe

doi:10.4166/kjg.2016.67.4.168

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Biadgo and Abebe: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Association with the Risk of Pancreatic Carcinogenesis: A Review

Review Article

Korean J Gastroenterol 2016;67(4):168-177.

Published online: 4 October 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4166/kjg.2016.67.4.168

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Association with the Risk of Pancreatic Carcinogenesis: A Review

Belete Biadgo, Molla Abebe

Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia

Correspondence to: Belete Biadgo, Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O.Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia. Tel: +251-581117678, Fax: +251-918295071, E-mail: beletebiadigo@yahoo.com

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and associated diseases such as cancers are substantially increasing worldwide. About 80% of the patients with pancreatic cancer have glucose metabolism alterations. This suggests an association between type 2 DM and pancreatic cancer risk and progression. There are hypotheses that show metabolic links between the diseases, due to insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, low grade chronic inflammation, and alteration in the insulin-insulin-like growth factor axis. The use of diabetes medications can influence the extent of carcinogenesis of the pancreas. This study briefly reviews recent literature on investigation of metabolic link of type 2 DM, risk of carcinogenesis of the pancreas and their association, as well as the current understanding of metabolic pathways implicated in metabolism and cellular growth. The main finding of this review, although there are discrepancies, is that according to most research long-term DM does not raise the risk of pancreatic cancer. The longest duration of DM may reflect hypoinsulinemia due to treatment for hyperglycemia, but recent onset diabetes was associated with increased risk for pancreatic cancer due to hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia. In conclusion, the review demonstrates that type 2 DM and the duration of diabetes pose a risk for pancreatic carcinogenesis, and that there is biological link between the diseases.

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Pancreatic neoplasms

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