Journal List > Korean J Women Health Nurs > v.22(4) > 1089546

Kang, Nho, Kang, Lee, Lee, and Choi: Influence of Fatigue, Depression and Anxiety on Quality of Life in Pregnant Women with Preterm Labor

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify effects of fatigue, depression and anxiety on quality of life in pregnant women with preterm labor.

Methods

With a survey design, data were collected from 138 mothers who were admitted at a hospital in Seoul, between June 2014 and September 2015. Instruments used to collect the data for the study were: Fatigue Continuum Form, Depression anxiety stress scale (DASS-21) and maternal postpartum quality of life (MAPP-QOL).

Results

The mean fatigue score was 68.30 with 50.7% of women being depressed and 79.7% of the 138 women being anxious. The mean quality of life was 18.92 with quality of life being associated with fatigue, depression and anxiety. Depression and fatigue explained 26% of the variance in quality of life.

Conclusion

Depression and fatigue adversely affected women's quality of life. It is important to address appropriate management of depression and fatigue in order to improve quality of life in pregnant women with preterm labor.

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Demographic and Obstetric Characteristics in Subjects (N=138)

kjwhn-22-254-i001
Variables Categories n (%) or M±SD Range
Demographic characteristics Age (yr) 33.3±3.8 23~44
Job Yes 79 (57.2)
No 59 (42.8)
Level of education ≤High school 17 (12.3)
≥College 121 (87.7)
Religion Christian 39 (28.3)
Catholicism 13 (9.4)
Buddhism 20 (14.5)
Others 2 (1.4)
None 64 (46.4)
Family type (n=136) Nuclear family 116 (85.3)
Large family 15 (11.0)
Others 5 (3.7)
Economic condition (n=135) High class 4 (3.0)
Middle class 118 (87.4)
Low class 13 (9.6)
Number of admission days in the hospital 12.58±13.97 2~91
≤7 59 (42.8)
>7 79 (57.2)
Obstetric characteristics Gestational age (wks) 20+0~27+6 57 (41.3)
28+0~36+6 81 (58.7)
Number of pregnancy 0 57 (41.3)
1 42 (30.4)
2 26 (18.8)
≥3 13 (9.4)
Artificial insemination Yes 39 (28.3)
No 99 (71.7)
Multiple pregnancy Yes 55 (39.9)
No 83 (60.1)
Previous delivery Vaginal 38 (27.5)
Cesarean section 10 (7.3)
None 90 (65.2)
Obstetrical complication Yes 87 (63.0)
No 51 (37.0)
Table 2

Levels of Fatigue, Depression, Anxiety and Quality of Life (N=138)

kjwhn-22-254-i002
Variables n (%) or M±SD Min-Max
Fatigue 68.30±15.19 31~112
 Low 1 (0.7)
 Moderate 63 (45.7)
 High 74 (53.6)
Depression 10.96±7.59 0~21
 Yes (≥10) 70 (50.7)
 No (<10) 68 (49.3)
Anxiety 14.94±8.84 0~21
 Yes (≥8) 110 (79.7)
 No (<8) 28 (20.3)
Quality of life (overall) 18.94±3.84 7.33~29.60
 Psychological 19.53±5.04 6.43~30.00
 Socioeconomic 18.66±4.67 2.28~29.72
 Relation/spouse 20.91±4.68 9.00~30.00
 Relation/family friends 19.24±3.90 7.61~30.00
 Health and functioning 17.17±4.68 5.14~28.29
Table 3

Comparison of Quality of Life according to Subjects Characteristics (N=138)

kjwhn-22-254-i003
Variables Categori-es n (%) Quality of life (overall) Psychological Socioecomonic Relation/spouse-partner Relation/family friends Health and functioning
M±SD t or F (p) M±SD t or F (p) M±SD t or F (p) M±SD t or F (p) M±SD t or F (p) M±SD t or F (p)
Demographic characteristics
 Age (yr) ≤30 28 (20.3) 17.77±4.37 1.30
(.278)
17.88±6.08 1.46
(.229)
17.32±4.44 1.03
(.380)
20.54±5.58 0.74
(.528)
18.34±4.52 1.67
(.176)
15.65±5.84 1.30
(.276)
31~35 73 (52.9) 19.13±3.80 19.83±4.84 19.12±4.61 20.62±4.62 19.21±3.86 17.48±4.38
36~40 33 (23.9) 19.32±3.34 19.98±4.02 18.72±4.59 21.55±4.11 19.65±3.33 17.80±4.11
≥41 4 (2.9) 20.60±4.36 21.80±7.62 19.29±7.83 23.44±3.33 22.66±3.15 16.84±5.11
 Job Yes 79 (57.2) 19.38±3.47 −1.55
(.124)
19.77±4.61 −0.66
(.512)
19.68±4.17 −3.04
(.003)
21.28±4.60 −1.09
(.279)
19.38±3.61 −0.49
(.628)
17.55±443 −1.12
(.264)
No 59 (42.8) 18.36±4.27 19.20±5.60 17.30±4.98 20.40±4.78 18.05±4.28 16.65±4.99
 Level of education ≤High school 17 (12.3) 17.42±4.04 −1.75
(.082)
17.78±5.64 −1.54
(.127)
15.84±4.14 −2.72
(.007)
19.67±5.51 −1.17
(.245)
17.90±4.11 −1.51
(.133)
16.54±4.32 −0.59
(.555)
≥College 19.16±3.79 19.78±4.93 19.06±4.62 21.08±4.55 19.42±3.85 17.25±4.74
 Religion Christian 39 (28.3) 18.76±4.01 0.48
(.752)
19.60±4.89 0.54
(.710)
18.65±4.78 0.42
(.793)
20.64±5.50 1.58
(.184)
19.04±4.11 0.24
(.918)
16.42±4.87 0.58
(.679)
Catholicism 13 (9.4) 17.88±3.22 18.01±3.50 18.30±4.39 18.11±4.12 18.42±3.31 16.52±3.89
Buddhism 20 (14.5) 18.75±4.05 19.48±5.43 17.69±5.53 21.09±4.42 19.54±3.89 17.06±5.07
Others 2 (1.4) 19.28±3.86 22.93±3.33 20.92±0.27 22.50±6.36 19.64±4.05 17.39±8.74
None 64 (46.4) 20.47±4.01 19.70±5.35 18.98±4.49 21.54±4.18 19.42±3.96 17.78±4.55
 Family type Nuclear 116 (85.3) 19.13±3.55 0.72
(.476)
19.82±4.74 0.65
(.520)
18.90±4.50 0.61
(.542)
20.96±4.44 −0.01
(.996)
19.31±3.73 0.58
(.449)
17.49±4.26 0.66
(.521)
Large 15 (11.0) 18.73±3.74 18.98±4.76 18.16±3.52 20.94±4.33 18.53±4.07 16.55±5.30
 Economic condition High 4 (3.0) 21.36±4.65 1.04
(.355)
22.31±4.42 0.78
(.460)
23.13±5.57a 7.13
(.001)
a>b, c
21.06±6.84 0.02
(.977)
20.72±6.30 1.18
(.311)
18.91±2.11 0.56
(.571)
Middle 118 (87.4) 18.87±3.67 19.33±4.82 18.85±4.31b 20.86±4.51 19.00±3.76 17.14±4.58
Low 13 (9.6) 13.27±4.31 20.03±6.39 14.78±5.16c 20.60±5.42 20.44±3.08 16.19±5.53
 Numbers of admission days in hospital ≤7 59 (42.8) 19.75±3,42 2.16
(.033)
20.48±4.75 1.94
(.055)
19.50±4.18 1.84
(.068)
21.51±4.33 1.32
(.189)
19.98±3.68 1.94
(.054)
17.89±4.16 1.62
(.108)
>7 79 (57.2) 18.34±4.05 18.82±5.16 18.04±4.94 20.46±4.90 18.68±3.99 16.63±5.00
Obstetrics characteristics
 Gestational age 20+0~27+6 57 (41.3) 18.80±3.49 −0.35
(.725)
19.25±4.96 −0.54
(.588)
19.27±4.09 1.29
(.199)
20.63±4.56 −0.58
(.562)
18.98±3.84 −0.65
(.516)
16.53±4.33 −1.34
(.181)
28+0~36+6 81 (58.7) 19.04±4.10 19.73±5.12 18.23±5.02 21.10±4.78 19.42±3.96 17.61±4.90
 Artificial insemination Yes 39 (28.3) 19.52±3.66 −1.11
(.271)
19.42±4.68 0.16
(.870)
19.81±4.18 −1.83
(.070)
21.90±4.43 −1.57
(.120)
19.92±3.81 −1.30
(.195)
17.23±4.83 −0.09
(.925)
No 99 (71.7) 18.72±3.91 19.57±5.20 18.21±4.79 20.52±4.74 18.97±3.92 17.14±4.65
 Multiple pregnancy Yes 55 (39.9) 19.21±3.37 −0.66
(.513)
20.11±4.80 −1.10
(.273)
19.10±4.39 −0.89
(.378)
21.20±4.26 −0.60
(.550)
19.35±3.30 −0.28
(.783)
16.99±4.55 0.36
(.721)
No 83 (60.1) 18.77±4.14 19.15±5.19 18.38±4.85 20.71±4.95 19.16±4.27 17.28±4.79
 Previous delivery Vaginal 38 (27.5) 18.65±4.17 0.16
(.854)
19.30±5.67 0.08
(.926)
18.39±4.92 0.50
(.607)
20.21±4.42 2.42
(.093)
18.92±4.55 0.33
(.720)
17.07±4.90 0.05
(.953)
C-section 10 (7.3) 18.91±2.85 19.95±4.64 20.04±3.74 18.53±5.13 18.69±3.75 16.82±4.05
None 90 (65.2) 19.07±3.83 19.58±4.85 18.63±4.67 20.91±4.68 19.43±3.64 17.25±4.70
 Obstetrical complication Yes 87 (63.0) 19.11±3.87 −0.65
(.514)
19.61±4.91 −0.65
(.514)
19.61±4.91 −0.24
(.810)
21.31±4.52 −1.31
(.194)
19.43±4.04 −0.77
(.443)
17.42±4.53 −0.84
(.402)
No 51 (37.0) 18.66±3.83 19.39±5.31 19.39±5.31 20.23±4.91 18.90±3.66 16.73±4.95
Table 4

Relationships among Fatigue, Depression, Anxiety, and Quality of Life (N=138)

kjwhn-22-254-i004
Variables Fatigue Depression Anxiety
Depression .58 (<.001)
Anxiety .55 (<.001) .74 (<.001)
Quality of life −.40 (<.001) −.50 (<.001) −.35 (<.001)
Table 5

Factors Influencing on Quality of Life

kjwhn-22-254-i005
Variables B SE β t p
(Constant) 23.80 1.37 17.42 <.001
Depression −0.29 0.07 −.57 −4.37 <.001
Fatigue −0.05 0.02 −.20 −2.13 .035
Adjusted R2=.26, F=13.27, p<.001

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