1.Yun JS., Ko SH. Current trends in epidemiology of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk management in type 2 diabetes. Metabolism. 2021. 123:154838.

2.Anker SD., Butler J., Filippatos G., Ferreira JP., Bocchi E., Böhm M, et al. EMPEROR-Preserved Trial Investigators. Empagliflozin in heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2021. 385:1451–61.
3.Heerspink HJL., Langkilde AM., Wheeler DC. Dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease. Reply. N Engl J Med. 2021. 384:389–90.
4.Solomon SD., McMurray JJV., Claggett B., de Boer RA., De-Mets D., Hernandez AF, et al. DELIVER Trial Commit-tees and Investigators. Dapagliflozin in heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2022. 387:1089–98.
5.Kim K., Kim B., Lee K., Ahn YB., Ko SH., Choi SH, et al. Older adults with diabetes in Korea: latest clinical and ep-idemiologic trends. Diabetes Metab J. 2025. 49:183–93.

6.Zinman B., Wanner C., Lachin JM., Fitchett D., Bluhmki E., Hantel S, et al. EMPA-REG OUTCOME Investigators. Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015. 373:2117–28.

7.Wiviott SD., Raz I., Bonaca MP., Mosenzon O., Kato ET., Cahn A, et al. DECLARE–TIMI 58 Investigators. Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019. 380:347–57.

8.Cannon CP., Pratley R., Dagogo-Jack S., Mancuso J., Huyck S., Masiukiewicz U, et al. VERTIS CV Investigators. Cardiovascular outcomes with ertugliflozin in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2020. 383:1425–35.

9.Yang T., Zhou Y., Cui Y. Urinary tract infections and genital mycotic infections associated with SGLT-2 inhibitors: an analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2024. 23:1035–40.

10.Puckrin R., Saltiel MP., Reynier P., Azoulay L., Yu OHY., Filion KB. SGLT-2 inhibitors and the risk of infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Acta Diabetol. 2018. 55:503–14.

11.Cai X., Gao X., Yang W., Chen Y., Zhang S., Zhou L, et al. No disparity of the efficacy and all-cause mortality between Asian and non-Asian type 2 diabetes patients with sodi-um-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors treatment: a me-ta-analysis. J Diabetes Investig. 2018. 9:850–61.

12.Kang M., Heo KN., Ah YM., Yang BR., Lee JY. Age- and sex-specific risk of urogenital infections in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with sodium-glucose co-transport-er 2 inhibitors: a population-based self-controlled case-se-ries study. Maturitas. 2021. 150:30–6.

13.Shi Q., Nong K., Vandvik PO., Guyatt GH., Schnell O., Ry-dén L, et al. Benefits and harms of drug treatment for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2023. 381:e074068.

14.Oh TJ., Moon JY., Hur KY., Ko SH., Kim HJ., Kim T, et al. Committee of Clinical Practice Guideline, Korean Diabetes Association; Committee of the Cooperative Studies, Korean Society of Nephrology. Sodium-glucose cotrans-porter-2 inhibitor for renal function preservation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Nephrology consensus statement. Diabetes Metab J. 2020. 44:489–97.

15.Kittipibul V., Cox ZL., Chesdachai S., Fiuzat M., Lindenfeld J., Mentz RJ. Genitourinary tract infections in patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors: JACC review topic of the week. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024. 83:1568–78.
16.Gorgojo-Martínez JJ., Górriz JL., Cebrián-Cuenca A., Castro Conde A., Velasco Arribas M. Clinical recommendations for managing genitourinary adverse effects in patients treated with SGLT-2 inhibitors: a multidisciplinary expert consensus. J Clin Med. 2024. 13:6509.

17.Liew A., Lydia A., Matawaran BJ., Susantitaphong P., Tran HTB., Lim LL. Practical considerations for the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors in the Asia-Pacific countries: an expert consensus statement. Nephrology (Carlton). 2023. 28:415–24.
18.Pratley R., Dagogo-Jack S., Charbonnel B., Patel S., Hickman A., Liu J, et al. Efficacy and safety of ertugliflozin in older patients with type 2 diabetes: a pooled analysis of phase III studies. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020. 22:2276–86.
19.Sinclair AJ., Bode B., Harris S., Vijapurkar U., Shaw W., Desai M, et al. Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in individuals aged 75 and older with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a pooled analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2016. 64:543–52.

20.Kinduryte Schorling O., Clark D., Zwiener I., Kaspers S., Lee J., Iliev H. Pooled safety and tolerability analysis of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Adv Ther. 2020. 37:3463–84.

21.Scheen AJ. Sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2020. 16:556–77.

22.Afsar B., Afsar RE. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and sarcopenia: a controversy that must be solved. Clin Nutr. 2023. 42:2338–52.
23.Zhang S., Qi Z., Wang Y., Song D., Zhu D. Effect of sodi-um-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors on sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023. 14:1203666.

24.Mayne KJ., Staplin N., Keane DF., Wanner C., Brenner S., Cejka V, et al. EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative Group. Ef-fects of empagliflozin on fluid overload, weight, and blood pressure in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2024. 35:202–15.

25.Qiu H., Novikov A., Vallon V. Ketosis and diabetic ketoacidosis in response to SGLT2 inhibitors: basic mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2017. 33:e2886.

26.He Z., Lam K., Zhao W., Yang S., Li Y., Mo J, et al. SGLT-2 inhibitors and euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis/diabetic ketoacidosis in FAERS: a pharmacovigilance assessment. Acta Diabetol. 2023. 60:401–11.

27.Jeon JY., Kim SK., Kim KS., Song SO., Yun JS., Kim BY, et al. DKA Study Group of Gyeonin Branch of the Korean Diabetes Association. Clinical characteristics of diabetic ketoacidosis in users and non-users of SGLT2 inhibitors. Diabetes Metab. 2019. 45:453–7.

28.Meyer EJ., Mignone E., Hade A., Thiruvenkatarajan V., Bry-ant RV., Jesudason D. Periprocedural euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis associated with sodium-glucose cotransport-er 2 inhibitor therapy during colonoscopy. Diabetes Care. 2020. 43:e181–4.

29.Hayes AG., Raven LM., Viardot A., Kotlyar E., Greenfield JR. SGLT2 inhibitor-induced ketoacidosis in a patient without diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2024. 47:e4–5.

30.Palmer BF., Clegg DJ. Euglycemic ketoacidosis as a com-plication of SGLT2 inhibitor therapy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2021. 16:1284–91.

32.Bersoff-Matcha SJ., Chamberlain C., Cao C., Kortepeter C., Chong WH. Fournier gangrene associated with sodi-um-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors: a review of spontaneous postmarketing cases. Ann Intern Med. 2019. 170:764–9.

33.Roddick AJ., Wonnacott A., Webb D., Watt A., Watson MA., Staplin N, et al. UK Kidney Association Clinical Practice Guideline: sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) in-hibition in adults with kidney disease 2023 update. BMC Nephrol. 2023. 24:310.

34.Yabe D., Shiki K., Homma G., Meinicke T., Ogura Y., Seino Y. EMPA-ELDERLY Investigators. Efficacy and safety of the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor empagliflozin in elderly Japanese adults (≥65 years) with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 52-week clinical trial (EMPA-ELDERLY). Diabetes Obes Metab. 2023. 25:3538–48.
35.Takahashi Y., Seino Y., Yabe D. Long-term safety and efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitor use in older east Asians with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Investig. 2024. 15:63–6.
36.Jeon JY., Kim DJ. Benefit and safety of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab J. 2024. 48:837–46.
