Abstract
Purpose
Refractory Mycoplasma pneumonia (RMP) has been increasing not only in Korea but worldwide. We investigated the incidence of M. pneumonia resistant to macrolides and risk factors for RMP.
Methods
From October 2015 to May 2016, 62 pediatric patients who were admitted due to pneumonia diagnosed on the basis of chest x-ray with respiratory symptoms and positive for M. pneumoniae in polymerase chain reaction with no evidence of other bacterial or viral infections were included. Sequence analysis of the 23S rRNA gene in M. pneumoniae was performed to identify macrolide resistance. Patients with congenital anomalies, history of pulmonary disease, and unclear information on antibiotic use were ex-cluded.
Results
Mutations in the 23S rRNA gene were detected in 50 of 62 patients (80.6%). Risk factors were analyzed in only 45 patients. The RMP group consisted of 26 patients (57.8%) who had fever lasting more than 5 days and deteriorating chest x-ray findings. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly higher in the RMP group than in the non-RMP group (LDH: 300±79 U/L vs. 469±206 U/L, CRP: 4.9±4.3 mg/dL vs. 2.5±1.7 mg/dL; P=0.04 vs. P=0.026). In univariate analysis, the RMP group was significantly associated with 23S rRNA gene mutation, lobar pneumonia, and pleural effusion (odds ration [OR]: 10.8, 4.1, 5.3; P=0.004, P=0.036, P=0.046). The presence of macrolide resistance was found to be only a significant risk factor in logistic regression (OR; 8.827; 95% confidence interval, 1.376–56.622; P=0.022).
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Table 1.
Variable | NRMP (n=19) | RMP (n=26) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Duration of symptom (day)∗ | 4.3±1.7 | 5.4±2.6 | 0.139 |
Age (yr) | 6.8±3.9 | 6.5±4.0 | 0.727 |
WBC (/mm3)† | 8,323±2,587 | 8,198±6,022 | 0.931 |
Neutrophil (%)† | 87.6±108.0 | 66.2±11.7 | 0.319 |
CRP (mg/dL)† | 2.5±1.7 | 4.9±4.3 | 0.026 |
LDH (U/L)† | 300.9±79.9 | 469.6±206.2 | 0.040 |
ESR (mm/hr)† | 29.8±14.7 | 37.1±18.4 | 0.169 |
Mutation | 9 (47.3) | 24 (92.3) | 0.004 |
Pneumonia type | 0.017 | ||
Lobar | 6 (31.6) | 17 (65.4) | |
Interstitial | 0 (0) | 2 (7.7) | |
Bronchial | 13 (68.4) | 7 (26.9) | |
Pleural effusion | 2 (10.5) | 10 (38.5) | 0.046 |
Duration of fever (day)‡ | 1.8±0.9 | 6.0±1.9 | <0.001 |
Duration of admission (day) | 5.1±1.4 | 9.4±3.6 | <0.001 |
Table 2.
Variable | RMP (n=26) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Male sex | 14 (53.8) | 1.18 (0.36–3.89) | 0.86 (0.19–3.90) | 0.862 |
Age ≥7 yr | 8 (30.8) | 0.49 (0.15–1.68) | 0.44 (0.09–2.06) | 0.295 |
Mutation∗ | 24 (92.3) | 10.80 (1.97–59.15) | 8.83 (1.38–56.62) | 0.022 |
Lobar pneumonia | 17 (65.4) | 4.09 (1.16–14.43) | 3.14 (0.57–17.38) | 0.190 |
Pleural effusion | 10 (38.5) | 5.31 (1.01–28.07) | 1.77 (0.19–16.88) | 0.620 |
RMP, refractory Myc interval. ∗23S rRNA gene mu | coplasma pneu utation, A2063 | umoniae pneumonia; 3G. | OR, odds ratio; Cl, c | onfidence |