The association between smoking and asthma

Ju Suk Lee

doi:10.4168/aard.2018.6.3.137

Journal List > Allergy Asthma Respir Dis > v.6(3) > 1095176

Go to TopGo to Top Go to BottomGo to Bottom

TOOLS

Lee: The association between smoking and asthma

Review

Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2018;6(3):137-140.

Published online: 5 May 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4168/aard.2018.6.3.137

The association between smoking and asthma

Ju Suk Lee

Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea

Correspondence to: Ju Suk Lee https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5600-3441 Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 158 Paryong-ro, Masanhoewon-gu, Changwon 51353, Korea Tel: +82-55-233-5932, Fax: +82-55-233-5923, E-mail: ljs8952194@nate.com

Received 2 October 201712 December 2017 Accepted 18 December 2017

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Epidemiological evidence for the association between active cigarette smoking and asthma is not available. In this review, we aimed to summarize previous studies and gave some information on the association between asthma and smoking to researchers. To date, smoking is thought to be associated with asthma exacerbation, but the relationship between smoking and asthma development is still unclear. In the aspect of lung function, smoking results in a faster reduction in asthmatics and parental smoking causes a decrease in neonatal lung function.

Keywords: Asthma, Smoking, Parental smoking

REFERENCES

1. Asher MI, Montefort S, Björkstén B, Lai CK, Strachan DP, Weiland SK, et al. Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in childhood: ISAAC Phases One and Three repeat multicountry cross-sectional surveys. Lancet. 2006; 368:733–43.

2. Eder W, Ege MJ, von Mutius E. The asthma epidemic. N Engl J Med. 2006; 355:2226–35.

3. Ghouri N, Hippisley-Cox J, Newton J, Sheikh A. Trends in the epidemiology and prescribing of medication for allergic rhinitis in England. J R Soc Med. 2008; 101:466–72.

4. Ahluwalia SK, Matsui EC. The indoor environment and its effects on childhood asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011; 11:137–43.

5. Eder W, von Mutius E. Hygiene hypothesis and endotoxin: what is the evidence? Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004; 4:113–7.

6. Guarnieri M, Balmes JR. Outdoor air pollution and asthma. Lancet. 2014; 383:1581–92.

7. Kuo CH, Kuo HF, Huang CH, Yang SN, Lee MS, Hung CH. Early life exposure to antibiotics and the risk of childhood allergic diseases: an update from the perspective of the hygiene hypothesis. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2013; 46:320–9.

8. Aanerud M, Carsin AE, Sunyer J, Dratva J, Gislason T, Jarvis D, et al. Interaction between asthma and smoking increases the risk of adult airway obstruction. Eur Respir J. 2015; 45:635–43.

9. Polosa R, Thomson NC. Smoking and asthma: dangerous liaisons. Eur Respir J. 2013; 41:716–26.

10. Tommola M, Ilmarinen P, Tuomisto LE, Haanpää J, Kankaanranta T, Niemelä O, et al. The effect of smoking on lung function: a clinical study of adult-onset asthma. Eur Respir J. 2016; 48:1298–306.

11. Flodin U, Jönsson P. Non-sensitising air pollution at workplaces and adult onset asthma. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2004; 77:17–22.

12. Walraven GE, Nyan OA, Van Der Sande MA, Banya WA, Ceesay SM, Milligan PJ, et al. Asthma, smoking and chronic cough in rural and urban adult communities in The Gambia. Clin Exp Allergy. 2001; 31:1679–85.

13. Silvestri M, Franchi S, Pistorio A, Petecchia L, Rusconi F. Smoke exposure, wheezing, and asthma development: a systematic review and meta-analysis in unselected birth cohorts. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:353–62.

14. Murin S, Rafii R, Bilello K. Smoking and smoking cessation in pregnancy. Clin Chest Med. 2011; 32:75–91.

15. Warren CW, Jones NR, Peruga A, Chauvin J, Baptiste JP, Costa de Silva V, et al. Global youth tobacco surveillance, 2000-2007. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2008; 57:1–28.

16. Reardon JZ. Environmental tobacco smoke: respiratory and other health effects. Clin Chest Med. 2007; 28:559–73.

17. Chan-Yeung M, Dimich-Ward H. Respiratory health effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Respirology. 2003; 8:131–9.

18. Dye JA, Adler KB. Effects of cigarette smoke on epithelial cells of the respiratory tract. Thorax. 1994; 49:825–34.

19. Bjartveit K, Tverdal A. Health consequences of smoking 1-4 cigarettes per day. Tob Control. 2005; 14:315–20.

20. Schane RE, Glantz SA, Ling PM. Social smoking implications for public health, clinical practice, and intervention research. Am J Prev Med. 2009; 37:124–31.

21. Fagan P, Rigotti NA. Light and intermittent smoking: the road less trav-eled. Nicotine Tob Res. 2009; 11:107–10.

22. Husten CG. How should we define light or intermittent smoking? Does it matter? Nicotine Tob Res. 2009; 11:111–21.

23. Schane RE, Glantz SA, Ling PM. Nondaily and social smoking: an increasingly prevalent pattern. Arch Intern Med. 2009; 169:1742–4.

24. Jung-Choi KH, Khang YH, Cho HJ. Hidden female smokers in Asia: a comparison of self-reported with cotinine-verified smoking prevalence rates in representative national data from an Asian population. Tob Control. 2012; 21:536–42.

25. Caraballo RS, Giovino GA, Pechacek TF, Mowery PD. Factors associated with discrepancies between self-reports on cigarette smoking and measured serum cotinine levels among persons aged 17 years or older: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Am J Epidemiol. 2001; 153:807–14.

26. Vartiainen E, Seppälä T, Lillsunde P, Puska P. Validation of self reported smoking by serum cotinine measurement in a community-based study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2002; 56:167–70.

27. Piipari R, Jaakkola JJ, Jaakkola N, Jaakkola MS. Smoking and asthma in adults. Eur Respir J. 2004; 24:734–9.

28. Chen Y, Dales R, Krewski D, Breithaupt K. Increased effects of smoking and obesity on asthma among female Canadians: the National Population Health Survey, 1994-1995. Am J Epidemiol. 1999; 150:255–62.

29. Langhammer A, Johnsen R, Holmen J, Gulsvik A, Bjermer L. Cigarette smoking gives more respiratory symptoms among women than among men. The Nord-Trondelag Health Study (HUNT). J Epidemiol Community Health. 2000; 54:917–22.

30. Polosa R, Knoke JD, Russo C, Piccillo G, Caponnetto P, Sarvà M, et al. Cigarette smoking is associated with a greater risk of incident asthma in allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008; 121:1428–34.

31. Burke H, Leonardi-Bee J, Hashim A, Pine-Abata H, Chen Y, Cook DG, et al. Prenatal and passive smoke exposure and incidence of asthma and wheeze: systematic review and metaanalysis. Pediatrics. 2012; 129:735–44.

32. Skorge TD, Eagan TM, Eide GE, Gulsvik A, Bakke PS. The adult incidence of asthma and respiratory symptoms by passive smoking in uterus or in childhood. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005; 172:61–6.

33. Moritsugu KP. The 2006 Report of the Surgeon General: the health consequences of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke. Am J Prev Med. 2007; 32:542–3.

34. Siroux V, Pin I, Oryszczyn MP, Le Moual N, Kauffmann F. Relationships of active smoking to asthma and asthma severity in the EGEA study. Epidemiological study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma. Eur Respir J. 2000; 15:470–7.

35. Eisner MD, Iribarren C. The influence of cigarette smoking on adult asthma outcomes. Nicotine Tob Res. 2007; 9:53–6.

36. Seymour BW, Pinkerton KE, Friebertshauser KE, Coffman RL, Gershwin LJ. Second-hand smoke is an adjuvant for T helper-2 responses in a murine model of allergy. J Immunol. 1997; 159:6169–75.

37. Seymour BW, Schelegle ES, Pinkerton KE, Friebertshauser KE, Peake JL, Kurup VP, et al. Second-hand smoke increases bronchial hyperreactivity and eosinophilia in a murine model of allergic aspergillosis. Clin Dev Immunol. 2003; 10:35–42.

38. Vonk JM, Scholtens S, Postma DS, Moffatt MF, Jarvis D, Ramasamy A, et al. Adult onset asthma and interaction between genes and active tobacco smoking: The GABRIEL consortium. PLoS One. 2017; 12:e0172716.

39. Wang Z, Chen C, Niu T, Wu D, Yang J, Wang B, et al. Association of asthma with beta(2)-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism and cigarette smoking. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001; 163:1404–9.

40. St-Laurent J, Bergeron C, Pagé N, Couture C, Laviolette M, Boulet LP. Influence of smoking on airway inflammation and remodelling in asthma. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008; 38:1582–9.

41. Cerveri I, Cazzoletti L, Corsico AG, Marcon A, Niniano R, Grosso A, et al. The impact of cigarette smoking on asthma: a population-based international cohort study. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2012; 158:175–83.

42. Lange P, Parner J, Vestbo J, Schnohr P, Jensen G. A 15-year follow-up study of ventilatory function in adults with asthma. N Engl J Med. 1998; 339:1194–200.

43. Marcon A, Corsico A, Cazzoletti L, Bugiani M, Accordini S, Almar E, et al. Body mass index, weight gain, and other determinants of lung function decline in adult asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009; 123:1069–74. 1074.e1-4.

44. Svanes C, Omenaas E, Jarvis D, Chinn S, Gulsvik A, Burney P. Parental smoking in childhood and adult obstructive lung disease: results from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Thorax. 2004; 59:295–302.

45. Strachan DP, Cook DG. Health effects of passive smoking. 5. Parental smoking and allergic sensitisation in children. Thorax. 1998; 53:117–23.

46. Kotecha SJ, Watkins WJ, Heron J, Henderson J, Dunstan FD, Kotecha S. Spirometric lung function in school-age children: effect of intrauterine growth retardation and catch-up growth. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010; 181:969–74.

47. Kramer MS. Determinants of low birth weight: methodological assessment and metaanalysis. Bull World Health Organ. 1987; 65:663–737.

48. Becklake MR, Kauffmann F. Gender differences in airway behaviour over the human life span. Thorax. 1999; 54:1119–38.

49. Gilliland FD, Berhane K, Islam T, Wenten M, Rappaport E, Avol E, et al. Environmental tobacco smoke and absenteeism related to respiratory illness in schoolchildren. Am J Epidemiol. 2003; 157:861–9.

50. Mannino DM, Homa DM, Redd SC. Involuntary smoking and asthma severity in children: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Chest. 2002; 122:409–15.

51. de Marco R, Marcon A, Jarvis D, Accordini S, Almar E, Bugiani M, et al. Prognostic factors of asthma severity: a 9-year international prospective cohort study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006; 117:1249–56.

52. Chalmers GW, Macleod KJ, Little SA, Thomson LJ, McSharry CP, Thomson NC. Influence of cigarette smoking on inhaled corticosteroid treatment in mild asthma. Thorax. 2002; 57:226–30.

53. Galigniana MD, Piwien-Pilipuk G, Assreuy J. Inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor binding by nitric oxide. Mol Pharmacol. 1999; 55:317–23.

54. Byron KA, Varigos GA, Wootton AM. IL-4 production is increased in cigarette smokers. Clin Exp Immunol. 1994; 95:333–6.

55. Churg A, Dai J, Tai H, Xie C, Wright JL. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is central to acute cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and connective tissue breakdown. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002; 166:849–54.

56. Hawrylowicz C, Richards D, Loke TK, Corrigan C, Lee T. A defect in corticosteroid-induced IL-10 production in T lymphocytes from cortico-steroid-resistant asthmatic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002; 109:369–70.

57. Keatings VM, Collins PD, Scott DM, Barnes PJ. Differences in interleu-kin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in induced sputum from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996; 153:530–4.

Table 1.

Adverse effects of cigarette smoking on asthma

Adverse effects of smoking on asthmas	Details of adverse effects
Increased prevalence of asthma	∙ Higher prevalence of asthma particularly among female smokers compared to female nonsmokers; the interaction between smoking and sex is particularly evident among heavier smokers compared to lighter smokers or nonsmokers
	∙ Smoking is highly predictive of the development of new onset asthma in allergic adults with a clear dose-response effect of smoking exposure
Greater asthma severity	∙ Asthmatic smokers are at risk of developing more severe symptoms, higher frequency of exacerbations, and worse asthma-specific quality of life
	∙ A relationship between smoking and poor asthma control has been reported in population-based surveys^25-29 and in controlled studies
	∙ Smoking status and smoking duration are also related to poor asthma control in a dose-dependent fashion
Decline in lung function	∙ The rate of decline in lung function is accelerated in smokers with asthma compared with nonsmokers with asthma

TOOLS

Similar articles