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Abstract
Purpose
This study evaluated technical and clinical outcomes and identified factors associated with clinical success in trauma patients that underwent transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) in a single regional hospital.
Materials and Methods
A retrospective study was performed of 106 patients with a variety of trauma who were suspected of active arterial bleeding and underwent angiography. Technical success was defined as non-visualization of extravasation and pseudoaneurysm in injured arteries. Clinical success was defined as the patient was not expired within 30 days from the date of TAE. Electronic medical records were reviewed. The risk factors between groups of clinical success and failure were analyzed statistically.
Results
Technical and clinical success rates of TAE were 96% (102/106) and 70% (74/106) respectively. Of the factors we assessed, age, older than 60 years, systolic blood pressure and heart rate at admission and after TAE, and combined brain injury were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Old age, low systolic blood pressure after TAE, and combined brain injury were significant predictors of poor prognosis in multivariate analysis.
Figures and Tables
Fig. 2
A 47-year-old man who had road traffic accident injury.
A. Contrast-enhanced CT scan shows contrast extravasation (arrow) from origin of right inferior phrenic artery. There is large amount of hematoma formation in retroperitoneal space.
B. Selective angiogram shows contrast extravasation (arrow) into right retroperitoneal space from right inferior phrenic artery.
C. One week after embolization with microcolis (arrow), there is no contrast extravasation on follow up CT scan. The amount of hematoma is significantly decreased.
Fig. 3
A 47-year-old man who had pelvic bone fracture due to crushing injury.
A. Selective left internal iliac arteriogram shows abrupt obstruction of anterior division (arrowhead). It suggests transection of the artery. However, we ignored the finding at that time.
B. Delayed angiographic image of the same artery shows stasis (arrow) of contrast media. It reveals traumatic arterial injury.
Fig. 4
A 74-year-old man with car accident injury.
A. Contrast-enhanced CT scan shows contrast extravasation (arrow) with large amount of surrounding hematoma formation in left lower neck and supraclavicular area.
B. Selective angiography shows contrast extravasation (arrow) from small branch of left thyrocervical trunk supplying anterior spinal artery (arrowheads). We could not do embolization because of the risk of spinal cord infarction.
Table 1
Summary of the Technical and Clinical Outcome of TAE
Note.-*Lumbar artery, inferior phrenic artery, intercostal artery, colic artery etc.
†Greater than or equal to two sites.
‡Suspicious bleeding because of persistent hemodynamic instability.
§Pneumonia, brain damage, multiorgan failure etc.
A = artery, IIA = internal iliac artery, NA = not available, TAE = transcatheter arterial embolization
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