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Fig. 1
Circadian timing system. (A) Various daily rhythms in human. (B) A schematic diagram showing the mammalian molecular clockwork composed of a subset of clock genes forming transcription/translation-based feedback loops.
Fig. 2
Circadian rhythm of StAR gene expression. (A) Structure of a murine StAR promoter. E1-4 indicate putative E-box elements. E3 and E4 are functionally recognized by CLOCK:BMAL1 heterodimer. (B) Circadian oscillations of StAR (red) and Rev-erbα (green) promoter activities in Y1 mouse adrenocortical cells recorded at 1-hr of intervals for 2 days.
Fig. 3
Central versus adrenal-autonomous regulatory mechanisms underlying the circadian GC rhythm and harmonizing roles of GC in the mammalian circadian timing system (modified from Ref. 13).
Fig. 4
Ultradian rhythm of hypothalamic GnRH gene expression. (A) Generation of GnRHp-dsLuc transgenic mice. (B) A schimatic representation of real-time bioluminescence measurement system. (C, D) Pulsatile GnRH promoter activities in cultured hypothalamic slices from both wild-type (C) and Bmal1-/- (D) mice.
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