Lifestyles and Factors Influencing the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) among Employees in a Community

Kyung-Shin Paek

doi:10.12799/jkachn.2013.24.2.236

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Paek: Lifestyles and Factors Influencing the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) among Employees in a Community

Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing

Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing 2013; 24(2): 236-244.

Published online: 30 June 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2013.24.2.236

Lifestyles and Factors Influencing the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) among Employees in a Community

Kyung-Shin Paek

Department of Nursing, Semyung University, Jecheon, Korea.

Corresponding author: Paek, Kyung-Shin. Department Nursing, Semyung University, 579 Sinwoul-dong, Jecheon-city, Chungbuk 390-711, Korea. Tel: +82-43-649-1353, Fax: +82-43-649-7052, kspaek@semyung.ac.kr

Received 13 May 2013 Accepted 23 June 2013

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

This study was to investigate lifestyles and identify factors influencing the bone mineral density (BMD) among employees in a community.

Methods

Data were collected from 199 employees. Their lifestyles and BMIs were measured with a self-report questionnaire. As for their BMDs, their calcanei were measured with Quantitative Ultrasound.

Results

Assessing their BMDs with reference to the WHO standards, 52.8% of the subjects' calcaneus BMDs were normal and 44.2% showed osteopenis, 3.0% showed osteoporosis. Age (odds ratio=1.05, p=.029), exercise (odds ratio=.31, p=.006) and the number of eating meals per day (odds ratio=1.97, p=.046) were significant factors influencing the subjects' BMDs.

Conclusion

Strategies to emphasize exercise and dietary habits in employees are important for improving their bone mineral density. Programs for improving bone mineral density based on life cycle need to be developed.

Keywords: Life style, Bone density

Figures and Tables

Table 1

BMD according to General Characteristics by Gender (N=199)

BMD=bone mineral density.

^†For women, when analysis of t-test, 40 years old or more is excluded; ^‡When analysis of ANCOVA, other is excluded; ^§For women, when analysis of ANCOVA, master is excluded; ^∥For women, when analysis of ANCOVA, ten years or more is excluded.

Table 2

BMD according to Lifestyle by Gender (N=199)

BMD=bone mineral density; BMI=body mass index.

^†For men. When analysis of ANCOVA, none is excluded; ^‡When analysis of ANCOVA, 4 times per day is excluded; ^§For women, when analysis of ANCOVA, 23 or more is excluded.

Table 3

Bone Mineral Density of the Participants (N=199)

Table 4

Logistic Regression Analysis for Factors related to BMD^† (N=193)

BMD=bone mineral density; OR=odds ratio; CI=confidence interval; BMI=body mass index.

Model: -2 log likelihood=267.62, χ²=18.75, df=9, p=.027; Nagelkerke R²=.123 Hosmer-Lemeshow test : χ²=11.14, df=8, p=.194.

^†BMD was coded as normal (0) vs. osteopenia (1).

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