Factors affecting orthodontically induced root resorption of maxillary central incisors in the Korean population

Dong-Hwa Chung; Young-Guk Park; Kwang-Won Kim; Kyung-Suk Cha

doi:10.4041/kjod.2011.41.3.174

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Chung, Park, Kim, and Cha: Factors affecting orthodontically induced root resorption of maxillary central incisors in the Korean population

Original Article

Korean J Orthod 2011;41(3):174-183.

Published online: 21 January 2011

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2011.41.3.174

Factors affecting orthodontically induced root resorption of maxillary central incisors in the Korean population

Dong-Hwa Chung^a, Young-Guk Park^b, Kwang-Won Kim^c, Kyung-Suk Cha^a

DDS, PhD

^aProfessor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Dankook University.

^bProfessor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyunghee University.

^cPrivate Practice, Okims Dental Office.

Corresponding author: Dong-Hwa Chung. Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, San 7-1 Sinbu-dong, Cheonan 330-716, Korea. +82 41 550 1864; e-mail, abeh@dankook.ac.kr.

Received 26 January 201123 April 2011 Accepted 27 November 2011

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objective

Orthodontically induced root resorption (OIRR) involves partial loss of cementum and dentin of teeth caused by routine orthodontic treatment. It decreases root length and influences the function of affected teeth. In this study, the treatment and patient factors causing apical root resorption in Koreans were determined. The observed factors were extraction, gender, age, displacement of root apex, total treatment period, total teeth length, and shape of the root.

Methods

The records of 137 patients treated with full, fixed edgewise appliances were obtained from the Department of Orthodontics, Dankook University Dental Hospital, from November 2007 to December 2008. Periapical radiographs of the maxillary central incisors and cephalometric radiographs of each patient were used to assess apical root resorption and type of tooth movement.

Results

The mean amount of resorption was 1.62 ± 1.58 mm. The amount of resorption in the extraction and non-extraction groups was 2.10 ± 1.64 mm and 1.18 ± 1.39 mm, respectively. The amount of root resorption increased with the total tooth length. Severe root resorption (> 4 mm) was related to abnormal root shape (blunt, pointed, or eroded).

Conclusions

The variables significantly related to OIRR were extraction, initial tooth length, and root shape.

Keywords: Root resorption, Extraction, Root shape

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Fig 1.

Measurements in digital periapical radiograph. CEJ, Cemento-enamel junction.

Fig 3.

Measurement for incisal edge of maxillary central incisor. ANS, Anterior nasal spine; PNS, posterior nasal spine.

Fig 2.

Local coordinate frame for measurements of maxillary central incisor.

Fig 4.

Measurements for root apex of maxillary central incisor. Dx, Horizontal movement of incisal edge; Dy, vertical movement of incisal edge; Dx’, horizontal movement of root; Dy’, vertical movement of root; ANS, anterior nasal spine; PNS, posterior nasal spine.

Table 1.

Amount of root resorption according to patient related factors

Patient related factors		Patient numbers	Mean (mm)	SD (mm)
Gender	Male	60	1.57	1.49
	Female	77	1.67	1.66
Age	Adolescent	90	1.52	1.63
	Adult	28	2.13	1.55

SD, Standard deviation. Tooth length 25.45 士 2.61 mm. Adolescent group, age <15 yearså adult group >20 years. Ages 16 - 19 years removed from data.

Table 2.

Amount of root resorption according to orthodontic treatment related factors

Treatment related factors	Mean (mm)	SD (mm)
Horizontal movement of apex	1.55	1.39
Vertical movement of apex	1.62	1.49
Extraction* Extraction	2.10	1.64
Non-extraction	1.18	1.39

SD, Standard deviation. *p < 0.001, Extraction vs Non-extraction i—test. Total number of the sample was 137 (extractionæ 65, non-extraction: 72).

Table 3.

Multiple regression analysis with patient and treatment related factors

Factors	Beta coefficient	T	^p
Gender	0.080	0.948	0.345
Extraction^*	-0.251	-3.003	0.003
Age	-0.151	-1.814	0.072
Treatment time	0.003	0.029	0.976
Apex (x)	0.058	0.701	0.485
Apex (v)	-0.016	-0.185	0.853
Tooth length^*	-0.258	-3.062	0.003

^* Statistically significant.

Table 4.

Frequency of root resorption according to root shape

			Root shape				Total
			Normal	Blunt	Eroded	Pointed	Total
	- 2 mm	Frequency	104	22	7	19	152
	- 2 mm	Resorption %	68.4%	14.5%	4.6%	12.5%	100.0%
Amount of resorption	2 - 4 mm	Frequency	59	9	8	15	91
Amount of resorption	2 - 4 mm	Resorption %	64.8%	9.9%	8.8%	16.5%	100.0%
	4 mm -	Frequency	7	4	4	7	22
	4 mm -	Resorption %	31.8%	18.2%	18.2%	31.8%	100.0%
Total		Frequency	170	35	19	41	265
Total		Resorption %	62.0%	12.8%	6.9%	15.0%	100.0%

Pearson Chi square = 15.554; p = 0.016.

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