Journal List > Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr > v.14(2) > 1043503

Kim, Lee, Kim, Song, Chung, and Park: Nutritional Status of Korean Toddlers: From the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007~2009

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate the feeding patterns, use of dietary supplements, and nutrient intake of Korean toddlers.

Methods

We used data for 930 toddlers who participated in the 4th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2007 to 2009. Feeding patterns and use of dietary supplements were assessed using standardized questionnaires, and nutrition intake was assessed using the 24 hr recall method.

Results

In 2007~2009, 48.7% of toddlers used dietary supplements. Most parents (95.4%) initiated a regime of dietary supplements for their children following the advice of friends or relatives. Only 0.4% of parents followed the advice given by their doctors for dietary supplements use. In the survey of nutrient intake for toddlers, the prevalence of inadequate calcium intake was 53.9% for subjects aged 1 year, 55.2% for 2 years and 65.6% for subjects aged 3 years. The prevalence of inadequate iron intake was 52.0% for subjects aged 1 year, 48.7% for 2 years and 48.4% for subjects aged 3 years. In the survey performed on feeding patterns of toddlers during the infant period, mixed feeding accounted for 57.4%, breast feeding for 32.2%,and formula feeding for 10.4%. Sixty-five percent of toddlers began weaning between 4 and 6 months.

Conclusions

This study indicated that a number of toddlers were at risk of inadequate calcium and iron intake. The role of professionals in counseling for qualified dietary intake and dietary supplement use is therefore necessary for Korean toddlers.

Figures and Tables

Table 1
General Characteristics of Participants (n=930)
kjpgn-14-161-i001

*BMI: body mass index, NSVD: normal spontaneous vaginal delivery, C-sec: cesarean section.

Table 2
Feeding Patterns during Infant Period
kjpgn-14-161-i002
Table 3
Use of Dietary Supplements among Korean Toddlers (N=930)
kjpgn-14-161-i003
Table 4
Daily Nutrient Intakes of Korean Toddlers according to Age Groups
kjpgn-14-161-i004

Values are Mean±SE. *DRIs: dietary reference intakes, RE: retinol activity equivalents, EER: estimated energy requirement, §EAR: estimated average requirement, AMDR: acceptable macronutrient distribution range.

Table 5
Proportions of Toddlers Whose Macronutrient Distributions are Inadequate, Adequate, or Excessive
kjpgn-14-161-i005

*AMDR: acceptable macronutrient distribution range, p from chi-square test by age group.

Table 6
Prevalence of Toddlers Whose Nutrient Intakes Were less than Estimated Average Requirement by Age Group
kjpgn-14-161-i006

*EAR: estimated average requirement, RE: retinol activity equivalents, p from chi-square test by age group.

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