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Choi, Son, Kim, and Ha: Development of a Wellness Index for Workers
Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2016; 46(1): 69-78.

Published online: 29 February 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.69

Development of a Wellness Index for Workers

Moon-Jong Choi1, Chang-Sik Son2, Jinsu Kim3, Yeongmi Ha4

1Medical Device Development Center, DGMIF, Daegu, Korea.

2Wellness Convergence Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, Korea.

3College of Business Administration, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.

4College of Nursing·Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Ha, Yeongmi. College of Nursing·Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 816 beon-gil 15, Jinju-daero, Jinju 52727, Korea. Tel: +82-55-772-8253, Fax: +82-55-772-8222, yha@gnu.ac.kr

Received 21 January 2015       Revised 6 February 2015       Accepted 17 October 2015

© 2016 Korean Society of Nursing Science

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop a wellness index for workers (WIW) and examine the validity and reliability of the WIW for assessing workers' wellness.

Methods

The developmental process for the instrument included construction of a conceptual framework based on a wellness model, generation of initial items, verification of content validity, preliminary study, extraction of final items, and psychometric testing. Content validity was verified by 4 experts from occupational health nursing and wellness disciplines. The construct validity, convergent validity and discriminant validity were examined with confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability was examined with Cronbach's alpha. The participants were 494 workers from two workplaces.

Results

Eighteen items were selected for the final scale, and the results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported a five-factor model of wellness with acceptable model fit, and factors named as physical · emotional · social · intellectual · occupational wellness. The convergent and discriminant validity were also supported. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .91.

Conclusion

The results indicate that the WIW is a valid and reliable instrument to comprehensively assess workers' wellness, and to provide basic directions for developing workplace wellness program.

Keywords: Health status, Worker, Validity

Figures and Tables

Table 1

General Characteristics of Participants (N =494)

jkan-46-69-i001
Table 2

Goodness of Fit Indices for Wellness Index using Confirmatory Factor Analysis

jkan-46-69-i002

CMIN/DF=Chi-square minimum/degree of freedom; GFI=Goodness of fit index; NFI=Normal fit index; CFI=Comparative fit index; TLI=Turker-Lewis index; RMSEA=Root mean square error of approximation.

Table 3

Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Final Items for WIW

jkan-46-69-i003

AVE=Average variance extracted; CR=Composite reliability; WIW=Wellness index for workers.

Table 4

Correlations between the Five Dimensions of Wellness

jkan-46-69-i004

AVE=Average variance extracted.

Table 5

Reliability of Five Dimensions of Wellness

jkan-46-69-i005

Notes

This work was supported by the R&D Program of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy of Korea (Program of Advanced Technology Development for Future Industry, 10044353).

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The authors declared no conflict of interest.

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