Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop a tool for measuring the intra-operative caring as perceived by regional anesthesia patients.
Methods
A preliminary instrument with 54 questions, based on a literature review and semi-structured interviews with 11 regional anesthesia patients, was developed. A group of experts revised individual questions, and 34 questions were finally selected. This tool was tested with 137 regional anesthesia patients admitted to D university hospital in B city from August to October 2008.
Results
The validity and reliability of the tool were tested using factor analysis. After item analysis, one question with a correlation coefficient under .30 was discarded After performing factor analysis on the final 33 questions, 7 factors were identified; holistic needs fulfillment, consideration, protective environment, cautiousness, concern, information, physical comfort. The total variance shown in the test was 73.5%. A Cronbach alpha of 0.96 showed the reliability of the instrument.
References
1. Bassett C. Nurses' perceptions of care and caring. Int J Nurs Pract. 2002. 8:8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-172x.2002.00325.x.
2. Cronin SN, Harrison B. Importance of nurse caring behaviors as perceived by patients after myocardial infarction. Heart Lung. 1988. 17:374–380.
3. Hankela S, Kiikkala I. Intraoperative nursing care as experienced by surgical patients. AORN J. 1996. 63:435–442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0001-2092-(06)63231-6.
4. Kim GS, Kim MJ, Park SM, Paek SY, Lee YS, Bae SD, et al. A study of perceived discomfort of the patients under local anesthesia. J Korean Soc Qual Assur Health Care. 2000. 7(1):6–17.
5. Kim HS, Kong EJ, An TM. The effects of aroma oil inhalation on the anxiety of preoperative patients. J Korean Assoc Oper Room Nurs. 2007. 15(1):57–72.
6. Kim MS. A study on Korean nurse's humor. 2002. Busan: Dong Eui University;Unpublished master's thesis.
7. Kong BH. Aesthetical-ethical paradigm of care ethics in nursing. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2002. 32:364–372.
8. Larson PJ. Important nurse caring behaviors perceived by patients with cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum. 1984. 11(6):46–50.
9. Lee BS. The Development of caring measurement tools for evaluating the quality of patient care. J Nurs Acad Soc. 1996. 26:653–667.
10. Lee EJ, Park HK, Choi KR, Kim SY, Sin HJ. The effect of offering preparatory sensory information to patients scheduled operation under spinal anesthesia. J Korean Clin Nurs Res. 2004. 9:136–147.
11. Lee-Hsieh J, Kuo CL, Tseng HF, Turton MA. Development of an instrument to measure caring behaviors in nursing students in Taiwan. Int J Nurs Stud. 2005. 42:579–588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2004.09.018.
12. Leininger MM. Leininger MM, editor. Cross-cultural hypothetical function of caring and nursing care. Caring: An essential human need: Proceedings of the three national caring conference. 1981. Thorofare, NJ: Charles B. Slack, Inc.
13. Leininger MM. Leininger MM, editor. Care: The essence of nursing and health. Care: The essence of nursing. 1984. Thorofare, NJ: Charles B. Slack, Inc.
14. MacCallum RC, Widaman KF, Zhang SB, Hong SH. Sample size in factor analysis. Psychol Methods. 1999. 4(1):84–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//1082-989X.4.1.84.
15. McNamara SA. Perioperative nurses' perceptions of caring practices. AORN J. 1995. 61:377380–385. 387–388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0001-2092(06)63890-8.
16. Nam SM, Kim MH. A study on needs of the spinal anesthesia patients. J Korean Acad Adult Nurs. 2000. 12:666–677.
17. Park NS. The effect of preoperative information and touch on the patient state anxiety and vital sign. 2000. Gwangju: Chonnam National University;Unpublished master's thesis.
18. Parsons EC, Kee CC, Gray DP. Perioperative nurse caring behaviors: Perceptions of surgical patients. AORN J. 1993. 57:1106–1107. 1110–1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0001-2092(07)67316-5.
19. The Korean Society of Anesthesiologists. Anesthesiology and pain medicine. 2003. Seoul: Yeomungak Co.
20. Watson J. Nursing: The philosophical science of caring. 1979. Boston: Little Brown and Co.
21. Watson J. Nursing: Human science and human care. A theory of nursing. 1988. New York: National League for Nursing.
22. Wolf ZR, Giardino ER, Osborne PA, Ambrose MS. Dimensions of nurse caring. Image J Nurs Sch. 1994. 26:107–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.1994.tb00927.x.