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Choi, Lee, and Han: Effects of Vitamin D and Calcium Intervention on the Improvement of Resistance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Original Article
Korean Diabetes Journal

Korean Diabetes Journal 2009; 33(4): 324-334.

Published online: 31 August 2009

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2009.33.4.324

Effects of Vitamin D and Calcium Intervention on the Improvement of Resistance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Young-Mee Choi1, Jun-Ho Lee2, Ji-Sook Han3

1Department of Nutrition Care Services, Dong-eui Medical Center, Pusan, Korea.

2Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-eui Medical Center, Pusan, Korea.

3Department of Food Science and Nutrition · Research Institute of Ecology for The Elderly, Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea.

Corresponding author (hanjs@pusan.ac.kr)

Received 16 February 2009       Accepted 14 July 2009

Copyright © 2009 Korean Diabetes Association

Abstract

Background

Recent reports suggest that the intake of vitamin D and calcium may influence insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of vitamin D and calcium intervention on the improvement of blood glucose and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods

Fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), serum 25(OH)D3, serum lipid levels, insulin secretion, and activity and dietary surveys were analyzed in type 2 DM patients both before and after a 12-week vitamin D and calcium intake intervention.

Results

The serum 25(OH)D3 level was found to be negatively correlated with insulin resistance and fasting blood glucose. Calcium intake level was also negatively correlated with insulin resistance. Fasting blood glucose, HbA1C, and HOMA-IR decreased significantly (P <0.05) following vitamin D and calcium intake intervention in the medical nutrition therapy (MNT) group, while there was no such change observed in the control group. Dietary calcium and vitamin D intakes were significantly (P <0.05) higher in the MNT group than in the control group. The concentrations of serum 25(OH)D3 and insulin secretion increased slightly in the MNT group following the 12-week intervention; however, these results did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion

The results of the present study indicate that calcium and vitamin D intervention may be helpful in improving fasting blood glucose, HbA1C, serum 25(OH)D3 and HOMA-IR in patients with type 2 DM who have insufficient serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations.

Keywords: Calcium, Insulin resistance, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Vitamin D

Figures and Tables

Table 1
Basic characteristics of the subjects
kdj-33-324-i001

Data was expressed as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05 by t-test. †Significant at P < 0.05 by Chi-square-test. BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; PIBW, percent ideal body weight; SBP, systolic blood pressure; WHR, waist to hip ratio.

Table 2
Blood glucose and BMI according to HOMAIR tertile
kdj-33-324-i002

Data was expressed as mean ± SD. a~c) Means not sharing a common letter are significantly differ among groups (P < 0.05). BMI, body mass index; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HOMAIR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.

Table 3
Changes in daily nutrient intake and outdoor activity of the subjects after 12 weeks of MNT
kdj-33-324-i003

Data was expressed as mean ± SD. MNT, medical nutrition therapy. *P < 0.05 by paired t-test.

Table 4
Changes of blood glucose, insulin secretion and serum 25(OH)D3, insulin resistance of the subjects after 12 weeks of MNT
kdj-33-324-i004

Data was expressed as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05 by paired t-test. BMI, body mass index; FBG, fasting blood glucose; F-insulin, fasting insulin; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMAIR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; MNT, medical nutrition therapy; S-25(OH)D3: serum 25(OH)D3; T-Ca, total calcium; T-Chol, total cholesterol; TG, Triglyceride.

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