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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Lab Med Online</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Laboratory Medicine Online</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Lab Med Online</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2093-6338</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Korean Society for Laboratory Medicine</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47429/lmo.2025.15.2.105</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">lmo-15-2-105</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>종설</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>혈액종양 진단검사 지침 개정 - 제5판 세계보건기구와 International Consensus Classification 기반</article-title>
<trans-title-group>
<trans-title xml:lang="en">Revision of Laboratory Testing Guidelines for the Diagnosis of Hematologic Neoplasms Based on the 5th Edition of the World Health Organization Classification and International Consensus Classification</trans-title>
</trans-title-group>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes">
<name-alternatives>
<name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ko"><surname>박</surname><given-names>창훈</given-names></name>
<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Park</surname><given-names>Chang-Hun</given-names></name>
</name-alternatives><degrees>M.D.</degrees>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="author-notes">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes">
<name-alternatives>
<name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ko"><surname>윤</surname><given-names>정</given-names></name>
<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yoon</surname><given-names>Jung</given-names></name>
</name-alternatives><degrees>M.D.</degrees>
<xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="author-notes">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name-alternatives>
<name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ko"><surname>장</surname><given-names>미애</given-names></name>
<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Jang</surname><given-names>Mi-Ae</given-names></name>
</name-alternatives>
<degrees>M.D.</degrees>
<xref rid="aff3" ref-type="aff">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name-alternatives>
<name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ko"><surname>이</surname><given-names>자영</given-names></name>
<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>Ja Young</given-names></name>
</name-alternatives>
<degrees>M.D.</degrees>
<xref rid="aff4" ref-type="aff">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3741-4613</contrib-id>
<name-alternatives>
<name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ko"><surname>김</surname><given-names>희진</given-names></name>
<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Hee-Jin</given-names></name>
</name-alternatives><degrees>M.D.</degrees>
<xref rid="cor1" ref-type="corresp"/>
<xref rid="aff3" ref-type="aff">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name-alternatives>
<name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ko"><surname>김</surname><given-names>명신</given-names></name>
<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Myungshin</given-names></name>
</name-alternatives>
<degrees>M.D.</degrees>
<xref rid="aff5" ref-type="aff">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name-alternatives>
<name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ko"><surname>남</surname><given-names>명현</given-names></name>
<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nam</surname><given-names>Myung-Hyun</given-names></name>
</name-alternatives>
<degrees>M.D.</degrees>
<xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name-alternatives>
<name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ko"><surname>김</surname><given-names>미영</given-names></name>
<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Miyoung</given-names></name>
</name-alternatives>
<degrees>M.D.</degrees>
<xref rid="aff6" ref-type="aff">6</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name-alternatives>
<name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ko"><surname>이</surname><given-names>우인</given-names></name>
<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>Woo-In</given-names></name>
</name-alternatives>
<degrees>M.D.</degrees>
<xref rid="aff7" ref-type="aff">7</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name-alternatives>
<name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ko"><surname>윤</surname><given-names>종현</given-names></name>
<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yoon</surname><given-names>Jong Hyun</given-names></name>
</name-alternatives>
<degrees>M.D.</degrees>
<xref rid="aff8" ref-type="aff">8</xref>
<xref rid="aff9" ref-type="aff">9</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name-alternatives>
<name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ko"><surname>이</surname><given-names>영경</given-names></name>
<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>Young Kyung</given-names></name>
</name-alternatives>
<degrees>M.D.</degrees>
<xref rid="aff10" ref-type="aff">10</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<collab-alternatives>
<collab xml:lang="ko">대한진단혈액학회 표준화위원회</collab>
<collab xml:lang="en">The Committee for Standardization in Korean Society for Laboratory Hematology</collab>
</collab-alternatives>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff xml:lang="ko" id="aff1"><label>1</label><institution>순천향대학교 의과대학 순천향대학교부천병원 진단검사의학과</institution></aff>
<aff xml:lang="en"><label>1</label>Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, <country>Korea</country></aff>
<aff xml:lang="ko" id="aff2"><label>2</label><institution>고려대학교 의과대학 진단검사의학과</institution></aff>
<aff xml:lang="en"><label>2</label>Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, <country>Korea</country></aff>
<aff xml:lang="ko" id="aff3"><label>3</label><institution>성균관대학교 의과대학 삼성서울병원 진단검사의학과</institution></aff>
<aff xml:lang="en"><label>3</label>Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, <country>Korea</country></aff>
<aff xml:lang="ko" id="aff4"><label>4</label><institution>인제대학교 부산백병원 진단검사의학과</institution></aff>
<aff xml:lang="en"><label>4</label>Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, <country>Korea</country></aff>
<aff xml:lang="ko" id="aff5"><label>5</label><institution>가톨릭대학교 서울성모병원 진단검사의학과</institution></aff>
<aff xml:lang="en"><label>5</label>Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary&#8217;s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, <country>Korea</country></aff>
<aff xml:lang="ko" id="aff6"><label>6</label><institution>울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 진단검사의학과</institution></aff>
<aff xml:lang="en"><label>6</label>s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, <country>Korea</country></aff>
<aff xml:lang="ko" id="aff7"><label>7</label><institution>경희의대 강동경희대학교병원 진단검사의학과</institution></aff>
<aff xml:lang="en"><label>7</label>Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, <country>Korea</country></aff>
<aff xml:lang="ko" id="aff8"><label>8</label><institution>서울특별시 보라매병원 진단검사의학과</institution></aff>
<aff xml:lang="en"><label>8</label>Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, <country>Korea</country></aff>
<aff xml:lang="ko" id="aff9"><label>9</label><institution>서울대학교 의과대학 검사의학교실</institution></aff>
<aff xml:lang="en"><label>9</label>Department of Laboratory Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, <country>Korea</country></aff>
<aff xml:lang="ko" id="aff10"><label>10</label><institution>한림대학교성심병원 진단검사의학과</institution></aff>
<aff xml:lang="en"><label>10</label>Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Department of Laboratory Medicine10, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, <country>Korea</country></aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="cor1"><bold>Corresponding author:</bold> Hee-Jin Kim, M.D., Ph.D., <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3741-4613">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3741-4613</ext-link>, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea, Tel: +82-2-3410-2710, Fax: +82-2-3410-2719, E-mail: <email xlink:href="heejinkim@skku.edu">heejinkim@skku.edu</email></corresp>
<fn id="fn1" fn-type="equal"><p>*These authors contributed equally to this work.</p></fn> 
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="collection">
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>1</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>105</fpage>
<lpage>118</lpage>
<supplementary-material id="S1" content-type="local-data">
<media xlink:href="lmo-15-2-105-supple.pdf" mimetype="application" mime-subtype="pdf"/>
</supplementary-material>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>31</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2024</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>20</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>15</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2025</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>&#169; 2025, Laboratory Medicine Online</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ext-link>) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<p>최근 제5판 세계보건기구(the 5th edition of the World Health Organization classification of tumors of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues)와 International Consensus Classification (ICC) 등 혈액종양 분류가 새롭게 발표되었다. 이에 따라 대한진단혈액학회 표준화위원회는 새로운 혈액종양 분류와 국제 혈액종양 진단 지침을 바탕으로 혈액종양 진단검사 지침을 개정하였다. 본 지침이 국내 혈액종양의 진단에 유용하게 활용되고, 검사의 표준화를 위한 중요한 기반이 되었으면 한다.</p>
</abstract>
<trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
<p>The classifications of hematologic malignancies in the 5th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues (WHO_5th) and the International Consensus Classification (ICC) of myeloid neoplasms, acute leukemias, and mature lymphoid neoplasms, have recently been updated. The Standardization Committee of the Korean Society for Laboratory Hematology has revised the laboratory testing guidelines based on these new classifications through a comprehensive review of various international guidelines. This revision aims to serve as a foundation for standardizing the laboratory workup process for diagnosing hematologic malignancies in Korea.</p>
</trans-abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Hematologic neoplasms</kwd>
<kwd>Diagnosis</kwd>
<kwd>Laboratory testing</kwd>
<kwd>Guidelines</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body>
<sec sec-type="intro">
<title>서 론</title>
<p>혈액종양의 진단 및 치료는 분자유전학 기술의 발전과 차세대염기서열 분석법의 도입으로 정밀의학을 구현할 수 있는 대표적인 분야이며 이를 위해 분류 체계도 함께 진화하고 있다. 통일된 국제 진단 체계로서 세계보건기구(World Health Organization, WHO) 혈액종양 분류는 2008년, 2017년, 그리고 2021년에 개정된 바 있으며, 가장 최근인 2022년에는 제5판 WHO 혈액종양 분류(WHO 제5판) [<xref rid="ref1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>, <xref rid="ref2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>]와 함께 International Consensus Classification (ICC) 혈액종양분류(ICC) [<xref rid="ref3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>, <xref rid="ref4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>]가 발표되었다.</p>
<p>대한진단혈액학회의 표준화위원회에서는 진화하는 혈액종양의 분류 체계에 따른 검사항목의 지침을 마련하기 위해 2016년에 Lee 등[<xref rid="ref5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>]이 &#8216;혈액종양 초기진단 검사항목 지침&#8217;을 발간하였으며, 2020년에는 Kim 등[<xref rid="ref6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>]이 이를 개정한 지침을 발간하였는데, 이후 최신 WHO 제5판 및 ICC 혈액종양 분류 체계에 따라 검사항목을 추가로 정리할 필요성이 대두되었다. 이에 위원회에서는 2023년 3월부터 지침 개정을 위한 사업에 착수하여 이들 두 분류 체계의 진단기준을 National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guideline 및 European LeukemiaNet (ELN) recommendation과 함께 검토하였으며[<xref rid="ref7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref><xref rid="ref8" ref-type="bibr"/><xref rid="ref9" ref-type="bibr"/><xref rid="ref10" ref-type="bibr"/><xref rid="ref11" ref-type="bibr"/><xref rid="ref12" ref-type="bibr"/><xref rid="ref13" ref-type="bibr"/><xref rid="ref14" ref-type="bibr"/><xref rid="ref15" ref-type="bibr"/><xref rid="ref16" ref-type="bibr"/><xref rid="ref17" ref-type="bibr"/><xref rid="ref18" ref-type="bibr"/><xref rid="ref19" ref-type="bibr"/><xref rid="ref20" ref-type="bibr"/><xref rid="ref21" ref-type="bibr"/><xref rid="ref22" ref-type="bibr"/><xref rid="ref23" ref-type="bibr"/><xref rid="ref24" ref-type="bibr"/><xref rid="ref25" ref-type="bibr"/><xref rid="ref26" ref-type="bibr"/><xref rid="ref27" ref-type="bibr"/>-<xref rid="ref28" ref-type="bibr">28</xref>], 2024년에는 국내 혈액종양 진단 및 검사 현황을 파악하기 위한 설문조사를 시행하였고, 그 결과를 2024년 10월 대한진단혈액학회 워크숍에서 발표하였다. 그 내용을 바탕으로, 기존 두 지침[<xref rid="ref5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>, <xref rid="ref6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>]을 참고하여 2024년 개정 지침을 발간하는 바이다. 특히, WHO 제5판은 2022년에 논문으로 발표된 이후 마침내 2024년 7월에 소위 &#8216;Blue Book&#8217;이라 불리는 책으로 발간되었는데, 이는 2017년 WHO 개정4판을 사용하는 다수의 기관에서 2022년 진단체계로의 전환을 촉발할 것으로 예상되며, 본 지침이 이 전환에 기여할 수 있기를 기대하는 바이다.</p>
<p>본 개정 지침의 구성은 기존 두 지침[<xref rid="ref5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>, <xref rid="ref6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>]의 구성을 참고하여 만성골수백혈병(chronic myeloid leukemia, CML), 골수증식종양 및 호산구증가증과 티로신 키나아제 유전자 융합을 동반한 골수구계/림프구계 종양(myeloproliferative neoplasms &#38; myeloid/lymphoid neoplasm with eosinophilia and tyrosine kinase gene fusions), 골수형성이상/골수증식종양(myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms, MDS/MPN), 골수형성이상종양(myelodysplastic neoplasm), 급성백혈병(acute leukemia), 형질세포종양(plasma cell neoplasm), 림프종의 골수침범(lymphoma with bone marrow involvement), 이식후림프세포증식병(post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder), 조직구종양(histiocytic neoplasm) 순으로 정리하였다.</p>
<p>검사항목을 분류하는 데 사용한 용어에서는, 혈액종양의 진단에 필수 기준(essential criteria)이 되는 검사는 필수(essential) 검사항목으로, 그리고 진단의 확진을 돕거나 예후 인자이거나 또는 표적 치료 혹은 그 가능성을 위한 검사는 추천(recommended) 검사항목으로 정리하였는데, 이는 이전 지침[<xref rid="ref5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>, <xref rid="ref6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>]에서 사용된 1차(primary) 검사항목과 2차(secondary) 검사항목 용어가 시간적 개념을 내포하고 있는 것과 차이가 있다.</p>
<p>질환별로 정리한 표에서는, 형식에 있어 4가지 변화가 있었다. 첫째, 표의 주석에 참고된 지침서를 표기하였다. WHO 제5판, ICC, NCCN 또는 ELN의 분류에는 필수와 추천 검사 항목에 유사한 부분이 많으나 차이가 있어, 적어도 한 지침에서 필수 기준인 경우에는 필수 검사항목으로 모두 포함시켰고, 서로 다른 지침에서 차이가 있는 경우에는 표의 주석으로 기술하였으며, 필요에 따라 참고된 지침서를 표기하였다. 둘째, 유전자명을 기준으로 기술하였고 필요에 따라 염색체 명명법을 사용하였다. 유전자의 배치 순서는 알파벳 순서를 기본으로 하였으나 질환에 따라 중요한 유전자는 우선적으로 배치하였다. 예를 들면, 골수증식종양에서 <italic>JAK2</italic>, <italic>CALR</italic>, <italic>MPL</italic> 유전자는 모두 필수 검사항목이지만 중요도를 고려하여 알파벳과 상관없이 <italic>JAK2</italic>를 맨 앞에 배치하였다. 유전자 재배열에서 해당 유전자와 연관된 재조합 유전자가 다수일 때 &#8216;유전자::R&#8217;로 기술하였다. 셋째, 급성백혈병의 원인 세포 타입에 따른 필수 검사항목을 별도로 기술할 필요성이 제기되어, 급성골수백혈병(acute myeloid leukemia, AML)과 급성림프모구백혈병(acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ALL)으로 필수 검사항목을 나누었다. 마지막으로 검사항목의 배치 순서를 정리하고 <xref rid="S1" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Table 1</xref>과 같이 통일하였다.</p>
<sec>
<title>1. 만성골수백혈병(Chronic myeloid leukemia)</title>
<p>만성골수백혈병의 진단검사를 위한 필수 및 추천 검사항목은 2020년 개정지침[<xref rid="ref6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>]과 거의 동일하다(<xref rid="T1" ref-type="table">Table 1</xref>). 만성골수백혈병의 진단명에서 <italic>BCR</italic>::<italic>ABL1</italic> 양성이 삭제되었으며 WHO 제5판에서는 가속기(accelerated phase)가 삭제되었으나 ICC에서는 그대로 유지하고 있다. WHO 제5판에서는 림프모구(lymphoblast)가 관찰될 경우 10% 미만이라도 모세포기(blast phase)로 판단할 수 있다. ICC에서는 림프모구가 5% 초과할 경우 모세포기로 판단할 수 있어 분류체계별 차이가 있다.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>2. 골수증식종양 및 호산구증가증과 티로신 키나아제 유전자 융합을 동반한 골수구계/림프구계 종양(Myeloproliferative neoplasms and myeloid/lymphoid neoplasm with eosinophilia and tyrosine kinase gene fusions)</title>
<p>골수증식종양 및 호산구증가증과 티로신 키나아제 유전자 융합을 동반한 골수구계/림프구계 종양의 진단검사를 위한 필수 검사와 추천 검사항목을 <xref rid="T2" ref-type="table">Table 2</xref>에 정리하였다.</p>
<p>WHO 제5판에서 골수증식종양 중 만성호산구백혈병(chronic eosinophilic leukemia)의 진단명에 상세불명(not otherwise specified, NOS)이 삭제되었으며 미분류 골수증식종양(MPN, unclassifiable)은 상세불명 골수증식종양(myeloproliferative neoplasm, MPN)으로 변경되었다. ICC는 WHO 개정4판의 진단명을 그대로 유지하였다.</p>
<p>호산구증가증과 티로신 키나아제 유전자 융합을 동반한 골수구계/림프구계 종양은 티로신 키나아제 억제제(tyrosine kinase inhibitor) 연관 유전자인 <italic>FLT3</italic>, <italic>ETV6</italic>::<italic>ABL1</italic> 등이 세부진단명에 추가되었다.</p>
<p>감별진단을 위해 비만세포증(mastocytosis)도 진단지침에 함께 기술하였으며 WHO 제5판 및 ICC에서 개정된 비만세포증의 진단 기준을 지침에 추가하였다.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>3. 골수형성이상/골수증식종양(Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms)</title>
<p>골수형성이상/골수증식종양은 WHO 제5판과 ICC 분류에서 세부질환명 및 진단기준에 변화가 있었으며 진단검사를 위한 필수와 추천 검사항목을 <xref rid="T3" ref-type="table">Table 3</xref>에 정리하였다.</p>
<p>만성골수단핵구백혈병(chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, CMML)의 경우 말초혈액의 절대단핵구증가증(absolute monocytosis) 기준이 WHO 제5판 및 ICC에서 1.0&#215;10<sup>9</sup>/L에서 0.5&#215;10<sup>9</sup>/L로 낮아졌으며 소분류 중 CMML-0는 삭제되었다. 백혈구 수 13&#215;10<sup>9</sup>/L를 기준으로 myelodysplastic (MD)-CMML, myeloproliferative (MP)-CMML로 나누는 소분류가 추가되었다.</p>
<p><italic>BCR</italic>::<italic>ABL1</italic> 음성 비정형만성골수백혈병(atypical CML, <italic>BCR</italic>::<italic>ABL1</italic> negative)은 WHO 제5판에서 호중구증가증을 동반한 골수형성이상/골수증식종양(MDS/MPN with neutrophilia)으로 진단명이 바뀌었으며 ICC는 WHO 개정 4판 진단명을 유지하였다.</p>
<p>소아골수단핵구백혈병(juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia)의 경우 WHO 제5판에서는 기존에 속해 있던 골수형성이상/골수증식종양 분류에서 myeloproliferative neoplasm of early childhood with frequent association with germline pathogenic gene variants로, ICC에서는 pediatric and/or germline mutation associated disorders로 이동하였으나 본 혈액종양 진단지침에서는 기존 골수형성이상/골수증식종양 분류에 포함시켜 정리하였다.</p>
<p>WHO 제5판과 ICC에 따르면 variant allele frequency 10%를 초과하는 <italic>SF3B1</italic> 변이가 있는 경우 환상철적모구(ring sideroblast) 유무와 상관없이 <italic>SF3B1</italic> 돌연변이와 혈소판증가증을 동반한 골수형성이상/골수증식종양(MDS/MPN with <italic>SF3B1</italic> mutation and thrombocytosis)로 진단하며 <italic>SF3B1</italic> 변이가 없을 경우 기존 진단과 같이 환상철적모구가 15% 이상 관찰되면 환상철적모구와 혈소판증가증을 동반한 골수형성이상/골수증식종양(MDS/MPN-RS-T)으로 진단하도록 규정하고 있다. ICC에서는 MDS/MPN-RS-T, NOS로 분류하고 있다.</p>
<p>미분류 골수형성이상/골수증식종양(MDS/MPN, unclassifiable)은 WHO 제5판과 ICC에서 상세불명 골수형성이상/골수증식종양(MDS/MPN, NOS)으로 변경되었다.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>4. 골수형성이상종양(Myelodysplastic neoplasm)</title>
<p>골수형성이상종양의 진단검사를 위한 필수와 추천 검사항목을 <xref rid="T4" ref-type="table">Table 4</xref>에 정리하였다.</p>
<p>골수형성이상종양은 말초혈액의 범혈구감소(pancytopenia)와 혈구세포의 형성이상(dysplasia)을 특징으로 하는 조혈모세포 혈액질환이다. 이번 WHO 제5판은 질환의 종양적 특성(neoplastic nature)을 강조하고 골수증식종양과의 통일성 유지를 위하여 질환명을 골수형성이상종양(myelodysplastic neoplasm)으로 변경하였으나, ICC에서는 골수형성이상증후군(myelodysplastic syndrome)으로 유지하였다. 참고로 골수형성이상종양의 약어는 WHO 제5판과 ICC에서 모두 MDS로 사용하고 있다. 진단과 관련하여 WHO 제5판에서는 유전적 이상에 기반한 범주(MDS with defining genetic abnormalities)와 모세포 분율, 세포 충실도 및 섬유화 동반 등 형태학적 이상을 기반으로 하는 범주(MDS, morphologically defined)로 나누어 진단한다. ICC는 WHO 제5판과 마찬가지로 del(5q), <italic>SF3B1</italic> 및 <italic>TP53</italic> 유전자 돌연변이 확인이 진단에 기여하는 것은 동일하나, 새로운 분류(MDS, NOS without dysplasia와 MDS/AML)가 추가되는 등 차이점이 존재한다.</p>
<p>클론성 조혈증(clonal hematopoiesis)은 조혈모세포에서 혈액암과 관련된 체세포 돌연변이가 발생한 상태로 연령에 따라 증가한다. 혈구감소증이 없으면서 체세포 돌연변이가 발생한 조혈모세포 클론의 양이 대립유전자 빈도(variant allele frequency) 2% 이상인 경우를 clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP)로 분류하며, 클론성 조혈증이 존재하면서 원인 불명의 혈구감소증이 관찰되는 경우를 clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS)로 분류한다. 클론성 조혈증에서 체세포 돌연변이가 관찰되는 유전자 항목을 <xref rid="S1" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Table 2</xref>에 정리하였으며, 골수형성이상종양에서 관찰되는 유전자와 유사하여 감별진단이 필요하다.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>5. 급성백혈병(Acute leukemia)</title>
<p>급성백혈병의 진단검사를 위한 필수와 추천 검사항목을 <xref rid="T5" ref-type="table">Tables 5</xref> and <xref rid="T6" ref-type="table">6</xref>에 정리하였다.</p>
<p>급성골수백혈병(AML)에서 WHO 제5판과 ICC 진단기준의 변동사항은 다음과 같다. 첫째, WHO 제5판과 ICC의 급성골수백혈병 분류 개정안에서 AML with defining genetic abnormalities의 진단과 관련된 일부 유전자 이상(WHO 제5판의 경우 <italic>CEBPA</italic> 돌연변이와 <italic>BCR</italic>::<italic>ABL1</italic>; ICC의 경우 <italic>BCR</italic>::<italic>ABL1</italic>)을 제외하고 급성골수백혈병의 모세포 기준(blast &#62;20%)이 변동됨에 따라, 10% 이상의 모세포가 관찰될 경우에도 급성골수백혈병과 관련된 유전자 검사를 고려할 수 있다. 둘째, WHO 개정4판에서 AML with defining genetic abnormalities의 아형 중 일부가 AML with <italic>KMT2A</italic> rearrangement 또는 AML with <italic>MECOM</italic> rearrangement와 같이 특정 유전자의 다양한 전위(variant translocation)를 포함한 아형으로 표기가 바뀌었다. 이뿐만 아니라 WHO 제5판은 AML with <italic>NUP98</italic> rearrangement, ICC는 acute promyelocytic leukemia with other <italic>RARA</italic> rearrangements를 새롭게 분류하고 있다. 셋째, 이전에 독립된 카테고리였던 AML with myelodysplasia-related changes가 AML with defining genetic abnormalities로 편입되었으며, 골수형성이상 관련(myelodysplasia-related) 유전자 돌연변이를 새롭게 규정하고 있다. 또한, ICC에서는 <italic>TP53</italic> 유전자 이상이 관찰되는 경우 독립적인 질환군인 AML with mutated <italic>TP53</italic>으로 분류하고 있다.</p>
<p>급성림프모구백혈병의 WHO 제5판과 ICC에서 진단기준의 변동사항은 다음과 같다. 첫째, provisional entity로 구분되었던 B-ALL, <italic>BCR</italic>::<italic>ABL1</italic>-like가 정식 disease entity로 분류됨에 따라 관련 검사를 필수 검사항목으로 포함하게 되었다. B-ALL, <italic>BCR</italic>::<italic>ABL1</italic>-like는 유전자 발현을 통해 정의된 disease entity로 광범위한 유전자 검사가 필요하지만 본 지침에서는 참고문헌에서 공통적으로 기술한 유전자 변이 위주로 필수 검사항목으로 제시하였다. 둘째, 새로운 유전자 이상이 급성림프모구백혈병의 진단에 포함되었고 예후 관련 변이로도 분류되었다. ICC에서는 B-ALL with recurrent genetic abnormalities에 <italic>DUX4</italic>, <italic>HLF</italic>, <italic>MEF2D</italic>, <italic>MYC</italic> 또는 <italic>NUTM1</italic> rearrangement, 그리고 PAX5 변이 등을 포함하고, WHO 제5판에서는 <italic>TCF3</italic>::<italic>HLF</italic>를 제외한 상기의 유전자 이상을 B-ALL with other defined genetic abnormalities로 포함하고 있다. 또한, ICC에서는 TALL 중 early T-cell precursor ALL with <italic>BCL11B</italic> rearrangement를 따로 분류하고 있다. 이외에도 ICC에서는 B-ALL와 T-ALL의 provisional entity와 WHO 제5판에서 B-ALL의 provisional entity에 다수의 유전자 이상이 포함되었다.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>6. 형질세포종양(Plasma cell neoplasm)</title>
<p>형질세포종양의 진단검사를 위한 필수와 추천 검사항목은 <xref rid="T7" ref-type="table">Table 7</xref> 에 정리하였다.</p>
<p>WHO 제5판에서 새롭게 포함되는 것은 monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS), 저온응집병(cold agglutinin disease, CAD), 이전에 provisional entity였던 TEMPI (telangiectasias, elevated erythropoietin and erythrocytosis, monoclonal gammopathy, perinephric fluid collection, intrapulmonary shunting) 증후군, 그리고 AESOP (adenopathy and extensive skin patch overlying a plasmacytoma) 증후군이다.</p>
<p>ICC는 형질세포골수종(plasma cell myeloma)보다 다발골수종(multiple myeloma, MM)이라는 용어를 지지하면서 상세불명 다발골수종(MM, NOS)과 MM with recurrent genetic abnormalities로 구분하고 MM with <italic>CCND</italic> family translocation, MM with MAF family translocation, MM with <italic>NSD2</italic> translocation, 그리고 MM with hyperdiploidy를 하위 분류로 포함하고 있다.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>7. 림프종의 골수침범(Lymphoma with bone marrow involvement)</title>
<p>림프종의 골수 침범은 공통 필수 검사항목과 계열에 따른 추천 검사항목으로 나누어 <xref rid="T8" ref-type="table">Table 8</xref>에 정리하였다. 그리고 림프종 진단을 위한 세포의 크기 및 모양에 따른 접근법을 NCCN을 바탕으로 <xref rid="S1" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Table 3</xref>과 <xref rid="S1" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Table 4</xref>에 정리하였다.</p>
<p>WHO 제5판에서는 림프종과 감별해야 하는 비종양성 조건(non-neoplastic conditions)이 포함되어 있다. 이로 인해 림프종의 과진단을 막고 림프종을 임상적 병리학적으로 구별하기 용이하게 할 것으로 기대된다. 그리고, 생식세포종양소인증후군(germline tumor predisposition syndromes)의 분류가 생겼다.</p>
<p>WHO 제5판의 소림프구증식(small lymphocytic proliferations)에서는 B세포전림프구백혈병(B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, B-PLL)이 삭제된 것이 가장 큰 특징이다. WHO 개정4판에서 B-PLL로 분류된 사례들은 앞으로 1) 외투세포림프종(mantle cell lymphoma)의 변종이거나, 2) 만성림프구백혈병/소림프구림프종(chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma)의 전림프구성 진행이거나, 3) 두드러진 핵소체 동반 비장B세포림프종/백혈병(splenic B-cell lymphoma/leukemia with prominent nucleoli, SBLPN)으로 분류된다. 그리고, SBLPN은 이전의 털세포백혈병 변이형(hairy cell leukemia-variant, HCL-v)을 대신한다. ICC에서는 WHO 제5판과 다르게 B-PLL과 HCL-v 분류가 그대로 유지된다.</p>
<p>WHO 제5판의 소포림프종(follicular lymphoma, FL)은 <italic>IGH</italic>::<italic>BCL2</italic>를 보인 경우 전형 소포림프종(classic FL, cFL)으로 명명 및 분류되고 3B 단계는 소포큰B세포림프종(follicular large B-cell lymphoma) 라는 새로운 소분류로 분류된다.</p>
<p>그리고, WHO 개정4판의 일부 질환의 명칭이 변경되었다. 주요 질환들에 대해 살펴보면, 11q 이상 동반 Burkitt양 림프종(Burkitt-like lymphoma)은 WHO 제5판에서는 11q 이상 동반 고등급B세포 림프종(high-grade B-cell lymphoma, HGBCL), ICC에서는 11q 이상 동반 큰B세포림프종(large B-cell lymphoma, LBCL)으로 변경되었다. <italic>MYC</italic> 유전자 재배열(<italic>MYC</italic>::R), <italic>BCL2</italic>::R, 그리고/또는 <italic>BCL6</italic>::R 동반 HGBCL (high-grade B-cell lymphoma with <italic>MYC</italic> and <italic>BCL2</italic> and/or <italic>BCL6</italic> rearrangements)은 WHO 제5판에서 <italic>MYC</italic>::R 그리고 <italic>BCL2</italic>::R 동반 DLBCL/HGBCL (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma/high grade B-cell lymphoma with <italic>MYC</italic> and <italic>BCL2</italic> rearrangements), ICC에서는 <italic>MYC</italic>::R 그리고 <italic>BCL2</italic>::R 동반 HGBCL (high-grade B-cell lymphoma, with <italic>MYC</italic> and <italic>BCL2</italic> rearrangements) 또는 <italic>MYC</italic>::R 그리고 <italic>BCL6</italic>::R 동반 HGBCL (high-grade B-cell lymphoma with <italic>MYC</italic> and <italic>BCL6</italic> rearrangements)로 분리 및 변경되었다.</p>
<p>여포 보조 T 세포(T-follicular helper, TFH) 세포 기원 림프종으로 알려진 WHO 개정4판의 혈관면역모구T세포림프종(angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma), 소포T세포림프종(follicular T-cell lymphoma), TFH 표현형을 보인 림프절 말초T세포림프종(nodal peripheral T-cell lymphoma with TFH phenotype)은 WHO 제5판에서 림프절TFH림프종(nodal TFH cell lymphoma), ICC에서는 TFH 림프종(follicular helper T-cell lymphoma)의 새로운 분류하에 혈관면역모세포형(angioimmunoblastic-type), 소포형(follicular-type), 상세불명(NOS)으로 각각 명칭이 변경되었다. NK세포 만성림프세포증식질환(chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of NK cells)은 WHO 제5판에서만 NK세포큰과립림프구백혈병(NK-large granular lymphocytic leukemia)으로 변경되었다.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>8. 이식 후 림프증식질환(Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder)</title>
<p>WHO 제5판에서는 질병의 배경에 따라 분류되던 면역저하 관련 림프세포증식질환(immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders)에 큰 변화를 보였다. 그동안 축적된 지식을 바탕으로 조직검체에서 관찰된 형태학적 특징을 기준으로 분류하게 되었다. 하지만, ICC와 NCCN에서 이식 후 림프증식질환에 대한 분류가 여전히 남아있다. 본 지침에서는 NCCN을 기준으로 필수와 추천 검사항목을 <xref rid="T9" ref-type="table">Table 9</xref>에 정리하였다.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>9. 조직구종양(Histiocytic neoplasms)</title>
<p>조직구종양의 진단검사를 위한 필수와 추천 검사항목을 <xref rid="T10" ref-type="table">Table 10</xref>에 정리하였다.</p>
<p>최근 조직구종양에 대한 분자유전학적 이해도가 높아지고 있다. WHO 제5판과 ICC에서는 Rosai&#8211;Dorfman 질환과 ALK 양성 조직구증(histiocytosis) 분류가 추가되었다. 특히, ALK 양성 조직구증 분류는 표적치료에 대한 가능성에 의미를 둘 수 있다.</p>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="conclusion">
<title>결 론</title>
<p>대한진단혈액학회에서는 혈액종양환자를 대상으로 표준화된 진단 절차에 대한 임상 진료 권장사항을 제공할 수 있는 지침을 개정하고자 하였다. 제5판 WHO와 ICC 그리고 NCCN and ELN recommendations을 포함한 국제 지침을 바탕으로 혈액종양 진단 검사 지침을 개정하였다. 저자들은 본 지침이 혈액종양의 진단에 유용하게 활용되고 검사의 표준화에 기여하며, 임상 의사 결정에 도움을 주는 한편, 지속적인 협의 과정을 통해 새로운 진단 검사와 알고리즘의 개발로 이어질 것으로 기대한다.</p>
</sec>
</body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="coi-statement">
<p><bold>이해관계</bold></p>
<p>저자들은 본 연구와 관련되어 어떠한 이해관계도 없음을 밝힙니다.</p>
</fn>
</fn-group>
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<sec sec-type="display-objects">
<title>Tables</title>
<table-wrap-group id="T1" position="float">
<label>Table 1</label>
<caption>
<p>만성골수백혈병(Chronic myeloid leukemia)</p>
</caption>
<table-wrap position="float">
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr style="background-color:#e2edbc;">
<th valign="middle" align="left">필수 검사항목(Essential)</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center">세부검사항목</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Complete blood count (CBC), differential count with reticulocyte count</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Blood cell morphology</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Bone marrow aspirate and biopsy±clot section</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Cytogenetic analysis involving standard karyotyping</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">FISH<xref rid="t1afn1" ref-type="table-fn">1</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>BCR</italic>::<italic>ABL1</italic></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Fusion transcript (RT-PCR)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>BCR</italic>::<italic>ABL1</italic> (major and minor)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Real-time quantitative PCR<xref rid="t1afn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>BCR</italic>::<italic>ABL1</italic></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Gene mutation</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>ABL1 kinase mutation</italic><xref rid="t1afn1" ref-type="table-fn">3</xref> <italic><italic>JAK2</italic> <italic>V617F</italic>, <italic>CALR</italic>, <italic>MPL</italic> <italic>W515K/L</italic><xref rid="t1afn1" ref-type="table-fn">4</xref></italic></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="t1afn1">
<p><sup>1</sup>RT-PCR 등 다른 대체 검사들과 병행하여 선택 가능함. 염색체 검사에서 정상인 경우나 분열중기세포를 수확하지 못했거나, RT-PCR 검사에서 <italic>BCR</italic> ::<italic>ABL1</italic> 유전자 재배열을 확인하지 못했을 때 반드시 시행함. 골수 검체를 채취하지 못한 경우 말초혈액으로 검사를 시행함; <sup>2</sup>Major molecular response (MMR)를 확인하기 위해 3개월마다 측정함; <sup>3</sup>이상적으로 티로신 키나아제 억제제 내성이 의심될 때 시행함; <sup>4</sup>골수증식종양과 감별이 어려울 때 시행함.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap position="float">
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr style="background-color:#e2edbc;">
<th valign="middle" align="left">추천 검사항목(Recommended)</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center">세부검사항목</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Cytochemistry</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Reticulin/collagen<xref rid="t1bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">1</xref>, MPO or Sudan black B<xref rid="t1bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref>, PAS<xref rid="t1bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref>, nonspecific esterase<xref rid="t1bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Immunohistochemistry (biopsy or clot section)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">CD34<xref rid="t1bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">3</xref>, CD117<xref rid="t1bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">3</xref>, CD61<xref rid="t1bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">4</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Immunophenotyping<xref rid="t1bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">5</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Acute leukemia panel: CD2, cCD3, CD5, CD7, CD10, CD13, CD19, CD20, cCD22, CD33, CD34, CD45, CD56, cCD79a, CD117, HLA-DR, MPO, TdT</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="t1bfn1">
<p><sup>1</sup>섬유화가 의심될 때 골수생검에서 시행함; <sup>2</sup>모세포기일 때 급성백혈병의 특수염색과 동일하게 시행함; <sup>3</sup>ALIP를 확인하기 위해 시행함; <sup>4</sup>거대핵세포(megakaryocyte) 확인을 위해 시행함; <sup>5</sup>모세포기일 때 급성백혈병의 acute leukemia panel과 동일하게 시행함. WHO 제5판에서는 림프모구 10% 미만, ICC에서는 림프모구 5% 초과할 경우 모세포기로 판단함.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="t1bfn2">
<p>Abbreviations: MPO, myeloperoxidase; PAS, Periodic acid Schiff; cCD3, cytoplasmic CD3; cCD22, cytoplasmic CD22; cCD79a, cytoplasmic CD79a; FISH, fluorescent <italic>in situ</italic> hybridization; ALIP, abnormal localization of immature precursors; ICC, International Consensus Classification; RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</table-wrap-group>
<table-wrap-group id="T2" position="float">
<label>Table 2</label>
<caption>
<p>골수증식종양 및 호산구증가증과 티로신 키나아제 유전자 융합을 동반한 골수구계/림프구계 종양(Myeloproliferative neoplasms &#38; myeloid/lymphoid neoplasm with eosinophilia and tyrosine kinase gene fusions)</p>
</caption>
<table-wrap position="float">
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr style="background-color:#e2edbc;">
<th valign="middle" align="left">필수 검사항목(Essential)</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center">세부검사항목</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Complete blood count (CBC), differential count with reticulocyte count</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Blood cell morphology</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Bone marrow aspirate and biopsy±clot section<xref rid="t2afn1" ref-type="table-fn">1</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Cytochemistry</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Reticulin/collagen<xref rid="t2afn1" ref-type="table-fn">2,5</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Immunohistochemistry (biopsy or clot section)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">CD2<xref rid="t2afn1" ref-type="table-fn">3</xref>, CD25<xref rid="t2afn1" ref-type="table-fn">3,5</xref>, CD30<xref rid="t2afn1" ref-type="table-fn">3</xref>, CD117<xref rid="t2afn1" ref-type="table-fn">3,5</xref>, tryptase<xref rid="t2afn1" ref-type="table-fn">3,5</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Immunophenotyping4</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">CD3, CD4, CD8, CD5, CD7, CD27</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Erythropoietin</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Vitamin B12<xref rid="t2afn1" ref-type="table-fn">5</xref>, tryptase<xref rid="t2afn1" ref-type="table-fn">3,5</xref>, ESR and/or CRP<xref rid="t2afn1" ref-type="table-fn">5</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Ferritin, iron, total iron-binding capacity</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Cytogenetics by standard karyotyping</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">FISH</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>FIP1L1</italic>::<italic>PDGFRA</italic>, <italic>PDGFRA</italic>::R<xref rid="t2afn1" ref-type="table-fn">3,5,6</xref>, <italic>PDGFRB</italic>::R<xref rid="t2afn1" ref-type="table-fn">5,6</xref>, <italic>FGFR1</italic>::R<xref rid="t2afn1" ref-type="table-fn">5,6</xref>, <italic>JAK2</italic>::R<xref rid="t2afn1" ref-type="table-fn">5,6</xref>, <italic>FLT3</italic>::R<xref rid="t2afn1" ref-type="table-fn">5,6</xref>, <italic>ETV6</italic>::<italic>ABL1</italic>, <italic>ABL1</italic>::R<xref rid="t2afn1" ref-type="table-fn">5,6</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Fusion transcript (RT-PCR)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>BCR</italic>::<italic>ABL1</italic></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Gene mutation</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>KIT</italic> D816V or other activating <italic>KIT</italic> mutation<xref rid="t2afn1" ref-type="table-fn">3,5</xref>, <italic>JAK2</italic> <italic>V617F</italic><xref rid="t2afn1" ref-type="table-fn">7,8</xref>, <italic>JAK2</italic> exon 12<xref rid="t2afn1" ref-type="table-fn">8</xref>, <italic>CALR</italic><xref rid="t2afn1" ref-type="table-fn">7</xref>, <italic>MPL</italic> <italic>W515K/L</italic><xref rid="t2afn1" ref-type="table-fn">7</xref>, <italic>CSF3R</italic><xref rid="t2afn1" ref-type="table-fn">9</xref></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="t2afn1">
<p><sup>1</sup>지속적인 절대 적혈구증가증(남자 Hb >18.5 g/dL, Hct >55.5% 및 여자 Hb >16.5 g/dL, Hct >49.5%) 및 <italic>JAK2</italic> <italic>V617F</italic> 혹은 <italic>JAK2</italic> exon12 돌연변이가 있는 경우 골수생검 없이 진성적혈구증가증으로 진단할 수 있음; <sup>2</sup>섬유화유무 확인을 위해 골수생검에서 시행함; <sup>3</sup>비만세포(mastocytes)가 증가되었을 때 시행함. CD2, CD25, CD30 및 CD117은 유세포분석으로 검사 가능함. <italic>KIT</italic> D816V 돌연변이 음성일 때 다른 <italic>KIT</italic> 돌연변이 유무 확인이 필요하며 호산구증가증 동반시 <italic>FIP1L1</italic>::PDGRFA 확인 필요함. WHO 제5판에서는 차세대염기서열분석 검사시 VAF≥10% 이상인 <italic>KIT</italic> 돌연변이를 진단기준으로 명시하고 있음. ICC 및 NCCN에서는 high sensitivity allele-specific PCR 혹은 digital droplet PCR 검사를 추천하고 있음; <sup>4</sup>Lymphocyte-variant hypereosinophilia 배제위해 시행하며 유세포분석이 선호되나 면역세포화학염색도 시행할 수 있음; <sup>5</sup>호산구증가증 동반 시 호산구증가증과 티로신 키나아제 유전자 융합을 동반한 골수구계/림프구계 종양(myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and tyrosine kinase fusions)을 확인하기 위해 시행함; <sup>6</sup>RT-PCR및 RNA sequencing으로 시행할 수도 있음; <sup>7</sup>본태혈소판증가증, 일차골수섬유증, 미분류/상세불명 골수증식종양(MPN, unclassifiable/NOS)이 의심될 때 <italic>JAK2</italic>, <italic>CALR</italic>, <italic>MPL</italic> 유전자검사를 시행함; <sup>8</sup>진성적혈구증가증이 의심될 때, <italic>JAK2</italic> <italic>V617F</italic>를 우선적으로 시행하고, <italic>JAK2</italic> <italic>V617F</italic> 돌연변이 음성일 때 <italic>JAK2</italic> exon 12 돌연변이 검사를 추가적으로 시행함. ICC 진단기준에 따르면 <italic>JAK2</italic> <italic>V617F</italic>는 sensitivity level 1% 미만의 고민감도 검사를 추천하며, 음성인 경우 exon 12-15의 비정상 <italic>JAK2</italic> 돌연변이를 고려해볼 수 있음; <sup>9</sup>만성호중구백혈병(chronic neutrophilic leukemia)이 의심될 때 <italic>CSF3R</italic> 돌연변이 검사를 시행함. ICC 진단기준에 따르면 <italic>CSF3R</italic> T617I 혹은 다른 <italic>CSF3R</italic> 돌연변이 동반할 경우 WBC≥13x109/L일 때 만성호중구백혈병 진단 가능함.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="t2afn2">
<p>Abbreviations: ICC, International Consensus Classification; WHO, World Health Organization; VAF, variant allele frequency; NCCN, National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines; RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; FISH, fluorescent <italic>in situ</italic> hybridization; MPN, myeloproliferative neoplasm; NOS, not otherwise specified.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap position="float">
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr style="background-color:#e2edbc;">
<th valign="middle" align="left">추천 검사 항목(Recommended)</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center">세부검사항목</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Immunohistochemistry (biopsy or clot section)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">CD34<xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">1</xref>, CD117<xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">1</xref>, CD61<xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">FISH</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>BCR</italic>::<italic>ABL1</italic><xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">3</xref>, +1q<xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">4</xref>, inv(3)<xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">4,5</xref>, del(5q)<xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">4,5</xref>, 7/7q<xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">4,5,7</xref>, +8<xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">4,5</xref>, +9<xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">4</xref>, 11q23<xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">4,5</xref>, del(12p)<xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">4,5</xref>, del(13q)<xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">4</xref>, i(17q)<xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">4,5</xref>, del(20q)<xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">4</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Gene mutation</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>ASXL1</italic><xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">6,7</xref>, <italic>ATM</italic><xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">8</xref>, <italic>CBL</italic><xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">6,7</xref>, <italic>CHEK2</italic><xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">8</xref>, <italic>DNMT3A</italic><xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">6,7</xref>, <italic>EZH2</italic><xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">6,7</xref>, <italic>GFI1B</italic><xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">8</xref>, <italic>IDH1</italic><xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">6</xref>, <italic>IDH2</italic><xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">6</xref>, <italic>KIT</italic><xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">6</xref>, <italic>KRAS</italic><xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">6</xref>, <italic>LINC-PINT(PINT)</italic><xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">8</xref>, <italic>MECOM</italic><xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">8</xref>, <italic>NRAS</italic><xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">6,7</xref>, <italic>RUNX1</italic><xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">6,7</xref>, <italic>SETBP1</italic><xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">6</xref>, <italic>SF3B1</italic><xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">6</xref>, <italic>SH2B3</italic><xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">6,8</xref>, <italic>SRSF2</italic><xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">6,7</xref>, <italic>STAG</italic><xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref>, <italic>STAT5B</italic><xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">6</xref>, <italic>TET2</italic><xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">6,8</xref>, <italic>TERT</italic><xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">8</xref>, <italic>TP53</italic><xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">6</xref>, <italic>U2AF1</italic><xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">6</xref>, <italic>ZRSR2</italic><xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">6</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">T-cell receptor gene rearrangement<xref rid="t2bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">9</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="t2bfn1">
<p><sup>1</sup>ALIP 여부를 확인하기 위해 시행함; <sup>2</sup>거대핵세포 확인을 위해 시행함; 3RT-PCR 법으로 <italic>BCR</italic>::<italic>ABL1</italic> 유전자 재배열을 확인하지 못했거나, 염색체 검사에서 t(9;22)(q34;q11.2)이 관찰되지 않았음에도 불구하고 만성골수백혈병을 완전히 배제할 수 없는 경우에 시행함; <sup>4</sup>염색체검사에서 확인하였다면 FISH 추가할 필요 없음; <sup>5</sup>골수증식종양의 DIPSS-plus score를 정하기 위해 필요함; <sup>6</sup>골수증식종양의 클론성 증명 및 예후와 연관된 분자유전학적 마커 확인을 위해 시행함. MIPSS70-plus score 계산을 위해 <italic>ASXL1</italic>, <italic>EZH2</italic>, <italic>IDH1</italic>, <italic>IDH2</italic>, <italic>SRSF2</italic> 및 <italic>U2AF1</italic>, GIPSS score 계산을 위해 <italic>ASXL1</italic>, <italic>SRSF2</italic> 및 <italic>U2AF1</italic> 돌연변이 확인이 필요함; <sup>7</sup>비만세포증 예후와 연관된 유전자 변이; <sup>8</sup>골수증식종양에서 germline predisposition 연관된 유전자 변이; <sup>9</sup>Lymphocyte-variant hypereosinophilia 진단을 위해 시행한 면역표현형검사 결과가 모호한 경우 추가로 시행할 수 있음.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="t2bfn2">
<p>Abbreviations: FISH, fluorescent <italic>in situ</italic> hybridization; ALIP, abnormal localization of immature precursors; RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; MPN, myeloproliferative neoplasm; DIPSS, Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring System; MIPSS70, Mutation-enhanced International Prognostic Score System; GIPSS, Genetically Inspired Prognostic Scoring System.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</table-wrap-group>
<table-wrap-group id="T3" position="float">
<label>Table 3</label>
<caption>
<p>골수형성이상/골수증식종양(Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms)</p>
</caption>
<table-wrap position="float">
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr style="background-color:#e2edbc;">
<th valign="middle" align="left">필수 검사항목(Essential)</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center">세부검사항목</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Complete blood count (CBC), differential count with reticulocyte count</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Blood cell morphology</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Bone marrow aspirate and biopsy±clot section</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Cytochemistry</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Iron, reticulin/collagen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Immunohistochemistry (biopsy or clot section)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>CD34</italic><xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">1</xref>, <italic>CD117</italic><xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">1</xref>, <italic>CD61</italic><xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Erythropoietin</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">RBC folate/serum folic acid</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Vitamin B12/methylmalonic acid</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Ferritin, iron, total iron-binding capacity</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Cytogenetics by standard karyotyping</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">FISH</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>FIP1L1</italic>::<italic>PDGFRA</italic>, <italic>PDGFRA</italic>::R<xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">3</xref>,<xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">4</xref>, <italic>PDGFRB</italic>::R<xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">3</xref>,<xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">4</xref>,<xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">5</xref>, <italic>FGFR1</italic>::R<xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">3</xref>,<xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">4</xref>, <italic>JAK2</italic>::R<xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">3</xref>,<xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">4</xref>,<xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">5</xref>, <italic>FLT3</italic>::R<xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">3</xref>,<xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">4</xref>, <italic>ETV6</italic>::<italic>ABL1a</italic>, <italic>ABL</italic>::R<xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">3</xref>,<xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">4</xref>, inv(3)/t(3q)<xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">6</xref>, del(5q)<xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">6</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Fusion transcript (RT-PCR or FISH)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>BCR</italic>::<italic>ABL1a</italic>, <italic>KMT2A</italic>::R<xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">7</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Gene mutation<xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">9</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>ASXL1</italic><xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">8,9</xref>, <italic>BCOR</italic>, <italic>CALR</italic><xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">6,9</xref>, <italic>CBL</italic><xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">7</xref>, <italic>CSF3R</italic><xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">9</xref>, <italic>DDX41</italic>, <italic>DNMT3A</italic>, <italic>ETV6</italic>, <italic>ETNK1</italic><xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">9</xref>, <italic>EZH2</italic>, <italic>FLT3</italic>, <italic>GATA2</italic>, <italic>IDH1</italic>, <italic>IDH2</italic>, <italic>JAK2</italic><xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">6,9</xref>, <italic>JAK3</italic>, <italic>KRAS</italic><xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">7</xref>, <italic>MPL</italic><xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">6,9</xref>, <italic>NF1</italic><xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">7</xref>, <italic>NPM1</italic>, <italic>NRAS</italic><xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">7</xref>, <italic>PHF6</italic>, <italic>PPM1D</italic>, <italic>PTPN11</italic><xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">7</xref>, <italic>RRAS</italic><xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">7</xref>, <italic>RRAS2</italic><xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">7</xref>, <italic>RUNX1</italic>, <italic>SETBP1</italic><xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">8,9</xref>, <italic>SF3B1</italic><xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">6</xref>, <italic>SRSF2</italic><xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">8</xref>, <italic>STAG</italic><xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref>, <italic>STAT3</italic>, <italic>TET2</italic><xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">8</xref>, <italic>TP53</italic><xref rid="t3afn1" ref-type="table-fn">6</xref>, <italic>U2AF1</italic>, <italic>UBA1</italic>, <italic>WT1</italic>, <italic>ZRSR2</italic></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="t3afn1">
<p><sup>1</sup>ALIP 여부를 확인하기 위해 시행함; <sup>2</sup>거대핵세포 확인 및 거핵구형성이상(dysmegakaryopoiesis) 판별을 위해 시행함; <sup>3</sup>호산구증가증 동반 시 호산구증가증과 티로신 키나아제 유전자 융합을 동반한 골수구계/림프구계 종양(myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and tyrosine kinase fusions)을 확인하기 위해 시행함; 4RT-PCR 및 RNA sequencing으로 시행할 수도 있음; <sup>5</sup>만성골수단구백혈병에서 티로신 키나아제 억제제 반응유무 확인을 위해 시행함; <sup>6</sup>골수증식종양병력이 있거나 형태학적으로 골수증식종양 혹은 환상적혈모구 및 혈소판증가증 동반 골수형성이상/골수증식종양(MDS/MPN-RS-T) 의심이될 때 시행함. <italic>SF3B1</italic> 돌연변이(VAF&#62;10% in ICC)가 있을 경우 환상적혈모구 유무와 상관없이 <italic>SF3B1</italic> 돌연변이 및 혈소판증가증 동반 골수형성이상/골수증식종양(MDS/MPN with <italic>SF3B1</italic> mutation and thrombocytosis)으로, <italic>SF3B1</italic> 돌연변이 없이 환상적혈모구 증가만(≥15%) 관찰되면 MDS/MPN-RS-T로 진단함. ICC의 경우 상세불명 환상적혈모구 및 혈소판증가증 동반 골수형성이상/골수증식종양(MDS/MPN-RS-T, NOS)으로 명명함; <sup>7</sup>소아골수단구백혈병 의심될 때 시행함. WHO 제5판에서 <italic>KMT2A</italic> 유전자 재배열 유무확인이 추가되었음. ICC에 따르면 소아골수단구백혈병 관련 유전자 돌연변이가 검출되지 않을 경우 소아골수단구백혈병양 종양(JMML-like neoplasm)으로 진단할 수 있음; <sup>8</sup>만성골수단구백혈병이 의심되나 골수형성이상이 관찰되지 않을 경우 <italic>ASXL1</italic>, <italic>SETBP1</italic>, <italic>SRSF2</italic>, <italic>TET2</italic>를 포함한 차세대염기서열분석 유전자 패널을 필수검사로 시행할 수 있음. ICC에 따르면 골수계 종양 연관 유전자 돌연변이 VAF 10% 이상이면 만성골수단구백혈병 진단 가능하며, 2% 이상은 clonal monocytosis of undermined significance로 구분하고 있음; <sup>9</sup>비정형만성골수성백혈병(atypical chronic myeloid leukemia, WHO 제5판은 호중구증가증 동반 골수형성이상/골수증식종양, myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm with neutrophilia로 변경)이 의심될 때 확인해야 하는 유전자 변이.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="t3afn2">
<p>Abbreviations: FISH, fluorescent <italic>in situ</italic> hybridization; RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; ALIP, abnormal localization of immature precursors; CMML, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia; MPN, myeloproliferative neoplasm; MDS, myelodysplastic neoplasm; MDS/MPN-RS-T, MDS/MPN with ring sideroblast and thrombocytosis; VAF, variant allele frequency; ICC, International Consensus Classification; NOS, not otherwise specified; JMML, juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia; WHO 제5판, the 5th edition of World Health Organization classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap position="float">
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr style="background-color:#e2edbc;">
<th valign="middle" align="left">추천 검사항목(Recommended)</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center">세부검사항목</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Immunohistochemistry (biopsy or clot section)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">CD14<xref rid="t3bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">1</xref>, CD64<xref rid="t3bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">1</xref>, CD11c<xref rid="t3bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">1</xref>, CD22, CD25<xref rid="t3bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref>, CD30<xref rid="t3bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref>, <italic>CD117</italic><xref rid="t3bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref>, tryptase<xref rid="t3bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Flow cytometry for dyshematopoietic MDS clone<xref rid="t3bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">3</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">CD10, CD11b, CD13, CD15, CD16, CD33, CD45, CD64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">FISH<xref rid="t3bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">4</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-Y, del(3q), -7/del(7q), +8, del(11q), del(12p), i(17q), +19, del(20q), +21</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Hemoglobin F<xref rid="t3bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">1</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Tryptase<xref rid="t3bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">1,2</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Gene mutation</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>KIT</italic> D816V or other activating <italic>KIT</italic> mutation<xref rid="t3bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">GM-CSF hypersensitivity assay<xref rid="t3bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">1,5</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="t3bfn1">
<p><sup>1</sup>소아골수단구백혈병이 의심될 때 시행함. ICC 진단기준에는 hemoglobin F 및 GM-CSF hypersensitivity assay가 포함되지 않음; <sup>2</sup>비만세포가 증가되었을 때 시행함. CD2, CD25, CD30 및 CD117은 유세포분석으로 검사 가능함. <italic>KIT</italic> D816V 돌연변이 음성일 때 다른 <italic>KIT</italic> 돌연변이 유무 확인이 필요하며 호산구증가증 동반시 <italic>FIPIL1</italic>::<italic>PDGRFA</italic> 확인이 필요함. WHO 제5판에서는 차세대염기서열분석 검사시 VAF≥10% 이상인 <italic>KIT</italic> 돌연변이를 진단기준으로 명시하고 있음. ICC 및 NCCN에서는 high sensitivity allele-specific PCR 혹은 digital droplet PCR 검사를 추천하고 있음; <sup>3</sup>본 패널은 조혈세포의 형성이상 판별을 위한 것으로 CMML-2일 경우 급성백혈병의 acute leukemia panel을 적용함; <sup>4</sup>염색체검사에서 분열중기세포를 수확하지 못했을 때 시행할 수 있으며 해당 염색체 이상이 의심되거나 복잡핵형(complex karyotype)일 때 시행함. 소아골수단구백혈병에서 monosomy 7의 검출 빈도가 낮아 WHO 제5판 및 ICC 진단기준에서 삭제됨. ICC에 따르면 i(17q) 나올 경우 provisional subentity로 MDS/MPN with i(17q) 진단 가능함; <sup>5</sup>국내에 시행기관 없음.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="t3bfn2">
<p>Abbreviations: MDS, myelodysplastic neoplasm; FISH, fluorescent <italic>in situ</italic> hybridization; JMML, juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia; ICC, International Consensus Classification; WHO 제5판, the 5th edition of the World Health Organization classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues; VAF, variant allele frequency; NCCN, National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines; CMML, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia; MPN, myeloproliferative neoplasm.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</table-wrap-group>
<table-wrap-group id="T4" position="float">
<label>Table 4</label>
<caption>
<p>골수형성이상종양(Myelodysplastic neoplasm)</p>
</caption>
<table-wrap position="float">
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr style="background-color:#e2edbc;">
<th valign="middle" align="left">필수 검사항목(Essential)</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center">세부검사항목</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Complete blood count (CBC), differential count with reticulocyte count</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Blood cell morphology</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Bone marrow aspirate and biopsy±clot section</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Cytochemistry</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Iron, reticulin/collagen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Immunohistochemistry (biopsy or clot section)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>CD34</italic><xref rid="t4afn1" ref-type="table-fn">1</xref>, <italic>CD117</italic><xref rid="t4afn1" ref-type="table-fn">1</xref>, <italic>CD61</italic><xref rid="t4afn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Erythropoietin</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">RBC folate/serum folic acid</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Vitamin B12/methylmalonic acid</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Ferritin, iron, total iron-binding capacity</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Cytogenetics analysis involving standard karyotyping</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">FISH<xref rid="t4afn1" ref-type="table-fn">3</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">del(5q), -7/del(7q), del(17p)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Gene mutation</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>ASXL1</italic>, <italic>BCOR</italic>, <italic>CALR</italic>, <italic>CBL</italic>, <italic>DDX41</italic>, <italic>DNMT3A</italic>, <italic>ETV6</italic>, <italic>EZH2</italic>, <italic>FLT3</italic>, <italic>GATA2</italic>, <italic>IDH1</italic>, <italic>IDH2</italic>, <italic>JAK2</italic>, <italic>MPL</italic>, <italic>NF1</italic>, <italic>NPM1</italic>, <italic>NRAS</italic>, <italic>PHF6</italic>, <italic>PPM1D</italic>, <italic>RUNX1</italic>, <italic>SETBP1</italic>, <italic>SF3B1</italic><xref rid="t4afn1" ref-type="table-fn">4</xref>, <italic>SRSF2</italic>, <italic>STAG2</italic>, <italic>STAT3</italic>, <italic>TET2</italic>, <italic>TP53</italic>, <italic>U2AF1</italic>, <italic>UBA1</italic>, <italic>WT1</italic>, <italic>ZRSR2</italic></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="t4afn1">
<p><sup>1</sup>ALIP를 확인하기 위해 시행함; <sup>2</sup>거대핵세포(megakaryocytes) 확인 및 거핵구형성이상(dysmegakaryopoiesis) 판별을 위해 시행함; <sup>3</sup>염색체검사에서 분열중기세포를 수확하지 못했을 때 시행할 수 있으며 해당 염색체 이상이 의심되거나 복잡핵형(complex karyotype)일 때 시행함; <sup>4</sup>MDS에서 ring sideroblast가 관찰될 때 시행함.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="t4afn2">
<p>Abbreviations: FISH, fluorescent <italic>in situ</italic> hybridization; ALIP, abnormal localization of immature precursors; MDS, myelodysplastic neoplasm.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap position="float">
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr style="background-color:#e2edbc;">
<th valign="middle" align="left">추천 검사항목(Recommended)</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center">세부검사항목</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Flow cytometry for PNH clone<xref rid="t4bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">1</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Flow cytometry for dyshematopoietic MDS clone<xref rid="t4bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">CD10, CD11b, CD13, CD15, CD16, CD33, CD45, CD64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Thyroid-stimulating hormone</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Copper, ceruloplasmin<xref rid="t4bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">3</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Chromosome breakage analysis<xref rid="t4bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">4</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">FISH</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-Y, inv(3)/t(3q)/del(3q), +8, del(11q), del(12p), -13/del(13q), i(17q), +19, del(20q), <italic>PML</italic>::<italic>RARA</italic><xref rid="t4bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">5</xref>, <italic>RUNX1</italic>::<italic>RUNX1</italic>T1<xref rid="t4bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">5</xref>, <italic>CBFB</italic>::<italic>MYH11</italic><xref rid="t4bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">5</xref>, <italic>DEK</italic>::<italic>NUP214</italic><xref rid="t4bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">5</xref>, <italic>RBM15</italic>::<italic>MRTFA</italic><xref rid="t4bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">5</xref>, <italic>KMT2A</italic>::R<xref rid="t4bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">5</xref>, <italic>MECOM</italic>::R<xref rid="t4bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">5</xref>, <italic>NUP98</italic>::R<xref rid="t4bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">5</xref>, <italic>RARA</italic>::R<xref rid="t4bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">5</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Gene mutation</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>ANKRD26</italic>/<italic>RPN11</italic>/<italic>ERCC6L2</italic>/<italic>GATA2</italic>/<italic>LIG4</italic>/<italic>SAMD9</italic>/<italic>SAMD9L</italic>/<italic>SRP72</italic>/<italic>XPC</italic><xref rid="t4bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">6</xref>, <italic>ELANE</italic>/<italic>G6PC3</italic>/<italic>GFI1</italic>/<italic>HAX1</italic>/<italic>JAGN1</italic>/<italic>VPS45A</italic><xref rid="t4bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">7,8</xref>, <italic>DNAJC21</italic>/<italic>DFL1</italic>/<italic>SBDS</italic>/<italic>SRP54</italic><xref rid="t4bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">7,9</xref>, <italic>RPL5</italic>/<italic>RPL11</italic>/<italic>RPL15</italic>/<italic>RPL23</italic>/<italic>RPL26</italic>/<italic>RPL27</italic>/<italic>RPL31</italic>/<italic>RPL35A</italic>/<italic>RPS7</italic>/<italic>RPS10</italic>/<italic>RPS17</italic>/<italic>RPS19</italic>/<italic>RPS24</italic>/<italic>RPS26</italic>/<italic>RPS27</italic>/<italic>RPS28</italic>/<italic>RPS29</italic>/<italic>TSR2</italic>/<italic>GATA1</italic><xref rid="t4bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">7,10</xref>, <italic>FANC genes</italic><xref rid="t4bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">7,11</xref>, <italic>ACD</italic>/<italic>CTC1</italic>/<italic>DKC1</italic>/<italic>NAF1</italic>/<italic>NHP2</italic>/<italic>NOP10</italic>/<italic>PARN</italic>/<italic>POT1</italic>/<italic>RTEL1</italic>/<italic>TERC</italic>/<italic>TERT</italic>/<italic>TINF2</italic>/<italic>WRAP53</italic>/<italic>ZCCHC8</italic><xref rid="t4bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">7,12</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Viral antigen/antibody assays<xref rid="t4bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">13</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">HBV, HCV, CMV, herpes simplex, parvovirus B19, HIV</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="t4bfn1">
<p><sup>1</sup>적혈구, 호중구 및 단구를 대상으로 하고, fluorescent aerolysin (FLAER)과 CD55 또는 CD59를 포함하여 시행할 것을 권장함; <sup>2</sup>본 패널은 조혈세포의 형성이상 판별을 위한 것으로 MDS with excess blasts일 경우 급성백혈병의 acute panel을 적용함; <sup>3</sup>위장관 흡수장애, 위 우회로조성술 및 아연보충요법을 받는 환자에서 시행함; <sup>4</sup>소아 MDS, hypoplastic MDS에서 판코니빈혈과의 감별을 위해 시행함; <sup>5</sup>급성골수백혈병을 배제하기 위해 시행함; <sup>6</sup>Familial MDS가 의심될 때 시행함(<xref rid="S1" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Table 2</xref> 참조); <sup>7</sup>Inherited bone marrow failure syndrome이 의심될 때 임상양상에 따라 시행함; <sup>8</sup>Congenital neutropenia; <sup>9</sup>Shwachman-Diamond syndrome; <sup>10</sup>Diamond-Blackfan anemia; <sup>11</sup>소아 MDS, hypoplastic MDS에서 판코니빈혈과의 감별을 위해 시행함; <sup>12</sup>Short telomere syndromes; <sup>13</sup>형성이상(dysplasia) 원인을 배제하기 위해 시행할 수 있음.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="t4bfn2">
<p>Abbreviations: PNH, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria; MDS, myelodysplastic neoplasm; FISH, fluorescent <italic>in situ</italic> hybridization; ALIP, abnormal localization of immature precursors; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; CMV, cytomegalovirus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</table-wrap-group>
<table-wrap-group id="T5" position="float">
<table-wrap position="float">
<label>Table 5</label>
<caption>
<p>급성골수백혈병(Acute myeloid leukemia)</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr style="background-color:#e2edbc;">
<th valign="middle" align="left">필수 검사항목(Essential)</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center">세부검사항목</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Complete blood count (CBC), differential count with/without reticulocyte count</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Blood cell morphology</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Bone marrow aspirate and biopsy±clot section</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">PT, aPTT, fibrinogen</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Cytochemistry</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">MPO or Sudan black B, PAS, nonspecific esterase</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Immunophenotyping<xref rid="t5afn1" ref-type="table-fn">a,1</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Acute leukemia panel: CD2, cCD3, CD3, CD5, CD7, CD10, CD13, CD19, CD20, cCD22, CD33, <italic>CD34</italic>, CD45, CD56, cCD79a, <italic>CD117</italic>, HLA-DR, MPO, TdT<break/>Myeloid maturation and monocytic panel: CD4, CD11b, CD11c, CD14, CD15, CD36, CD64, CD65<break/>Megakaryocytic panel: CD36, CD41, CD42b, <italic>CD61</italic><break/>Erythroid panel: CD36, CD71, CD235a (glycophorin A)<break/>Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm panel2: CD4, CD56, CD123, CD303</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Cytogenetics by standard karyotyping</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">FISH<xref rid="t5afn1" ref-type="table-fn">3</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>PML</italic>::<italic>RARA</italic>, <italic>RUNX1</italic>::<italic>RUNX1T1</italic>, <italic>CBFB</italic>::<italic><italic>MYH11</italic></italic>, <italic>DEK</italic>::<italic><italic>NUP214</italic></italic>, <italic>BCR</italic>::<italic>ABL1</italic>, <italic>KMT2A</italic>::R, <italic>NUP98</italic>::R<xref rid="t5afn1" ref-type="table-fn">4</xref>, <italic>RPN11</italic>/<italic>MECOM</italic>, <italic>MECOM</italic>::R</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Gene mutation</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>ASXL1</italic>, <italic>BCOR</italic>, <italic>RPN11</italic>, <italic>DDX41</italic>, <italic>EZH2</italic>, <italic>FLT3</italic> (<italic>ITD</italic> and <italic>TKD</italic>), <italic>IDH1</italic>, <italic>IDH2</italic>, <italic>KIT</italic>, <italic>NPM1</italic>, <italic>RUNX1</italic>, <italic>SF3B1</italic>, <italic>SRSF2</italic>, <italic>STAG2</italic>, <italic>TP53</italic>, <italic>U2AF1</italic>, <italic>ZRSR2</italic></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Fusion transcript (RT-PCRb or gene fusion NGS assays)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>PML</italic>::<italic>RARA</italic> <italic>and/or</italic> <italic>RARA</italic>::R, <italic>RUNX1</italic>::<italic>RUNX1T1</italic>, <italic>CBFB</italic>::<italic><italic>MYH11</italic></italic>, <italic>DEK</italic>::<italic><italic>NUP214</italic></italic>, <italic>BCR</italic>::<italic>ABL1</italic><xref rid="t5afn1" ref-type="table-fn">5</xref>, <italic>KMT2A</italic>::R<xref rid="t5afn1" ref-type="table-fn">5</xref>, <italic>NUP98</italic>::R<xref rid="t5afn1" ref-type="table-fn">3</xref>, <italic>RBM15</italic>::<italic>MRTFA</italic><xref rid="t5afn1" ref-type="table-fn">4</xref>, fusion transcript of other defined genetic alterations (WHO 제5판) and/or other recurring translocations (ICC) entities of AML<xref rid="t5afn1" ref-type="table-fn">6</xref></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="t5afn1">
<p><sup>a</sup>보험에서 18종만 인정하고 있음; b보험에서 7종만 인정하고 있음; <sup>1</sup>치료 후 잔존질환 확인을 위해 진단 시 시행할 수 있음; <sup>2</sup>Myeloid, T 또는 B lineage expression marker가 음성일 때 고려할 수 있음; <sup>3</sup>RT-PCR 등 다른 대체 검사들과 병행하여 선택 가능함; <sup>4</sup>WHO 제5판에 포함되어 있으며 ICC에는 AML with other rare recurring translocation로 분류됨; <sup>5</sup>Acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage의 분류에 포함되어 있으며, WHO 제5판에는 <italic>ZNF384</italic>::R, <italic>BCL11B</italic>::R 등이 추가로 포함되어 있음; <sup>6</sup><italic>CBFA2T3</italic>::<italic>GLIS2</italic>, <italic>KAT6A</italic>::<italic>CREBBP</italic>, <italic>FUS</italic>::<italic>ERG</italic>, <italic>MNX1</italic>::<italic>ETV6</italic>, <italic>NPM1</italic>::<italic>MLF1</italic> (WHO 제5판, ICC 모두 포함), <italic>PRDM16</italic>::<italic>RPN1</italic>, <italic>PICALM</italic>::<italic>MLLT10</italic>, <italic>RUNX1</italic>::<italic>BCFA2T3</italic> (ICC에만 포함) 등이 있음.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="t5afn2">
<p>Abbreviations: PT, prothrombin time; aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; MPO, myeloperoxidase; PAS, Periodic acid Schiff; cCD3, cytoplasmic CD3; cCD22, cytoplasmic CD22; cCD79a, cytoplasmic CD79a; RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; NGS, next-generation sequencing; WHO 제5판, the 5th edition of the World Health Organization classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues; ICC, International Consensus Classification; AML, acute myeloid leukemia.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap position="float">
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr style="background-color:#e2edbc;">
<th valign="middle" align="left">추천 검사항목(Recommended)</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center">세부검사항목</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Cytochemistry</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Reticulin/collagen<sup>1</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Immunohistochemistry (biopsy or clot section)<xref rid="t5bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">a</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">CD3<xref rid="t5bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref>, <italic>CD34</italic><xref rid="t5bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref>, CD79a<xref rid="t5bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref>, <italic>CD117</italic><xref rid="t5bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref>, TdT<xref rid="t5bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref>, <italic>CD61</italic><xref rid="t5bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">3</xref>, glycophorin A<xref rid="t5bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">4</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">FISH<xref rid="t5bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">5</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">del(5q), -7/del(7q), +8<xref rid="t5bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">6</xref>, del(11q)<xref rid="t5bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">7</xref>, del(12p), -13/del(13q)<xref rid="t5bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">7</xref>, del(17p), i(17q), del(20q)<xref rid="t5bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">6</xref>, idic(X)(q13)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Gene mutation</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">ANKRD2<xref rid="t5bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">6</xref>, <italic>BCORL1</italic>, <italic>BRAF</italic>, <italic>CBL</italic>, <italic>CSF3R</italic>, <italic>DNMT3A</italic>, <italic>ETV6</italic>, <italic>GATA2</italic>, <italic>JAK2</italic>, <italic>KRAS</italic>, <italic>NRAS</italic>, <italic>NF1</italic>, <italic>PHF6</italic>, <italic>PPM1D</italic>, <italic>PTPN11</italic>, <italic>RAD21</italic>, <italic>TET2</italic>, <italic>WT1</italic><break/><italic>ABL1</italic> kinase mutation8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Gene mutation (germline)<xref rid="t5bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">9</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>ANKRD26</italic><xref rid="t5bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">10</xref>, <italic>BLM</italic>, <italic>RPN11</italic>, <italic>DDX41</italic>, <italic>ETV6</italic><xref rid="t5bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">10</xref>, <italic>GATA2</italic>, <italic>RUNX1</italic><xref rid="t5bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">10</xref>, <italic>SAMD9</italic>/<italic>SAMD9L</italic>, <italic>TP53</italic>, <italic>ELANE</italic>/<italic>G6PC3</italic>/<italic>GFI1</italic>/<italic>HAX1</italic>/<italic>JAGN1</italic>/TCRG1/<italic>VPS45A</italic><xref rid="t5bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">11</xref>, <italic>DNAJC21</italic>/<italic>EFL1</italic>/<italic>SBDS</italic>/<italic>SRP54</italic><xref rid="t5bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">12</xref>, <italic>FANC genes</italic><xref rid="t5bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">13</xref>, <italic>ACD</italic>/<italic>CTC1</italic>/<italic>DKC1</italic>/<italic>NAF1</italic>/<italic>NHP2</italic>/<italic>NOP10</italic>/<italic>NPM1</italic>/<italic>PARN</italic>/<italic>POT1</italic>/<italic>RTEL1</italic>/<italic>TERC</italic>/<italic>TERT</italic>/<italic>TINF2</italic>/<italic>WRAP53</italic>/<italic>ZCCHC8</italic><xref rid="t5bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">14</xref>, <italic>CBL</italic>/<italic>KRAS</italic>/<italic>NF1</italic>/<italic>NRAS</italic>/<italic>PTPN11</italic><xref rid="t5bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">15</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Real-time quantitative PCR</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>RUNX1</italic>::<italic>RUNX1T1</italic><xref rid="t5bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">16</xref>, <italic>PML</italic>::<italic>RARA</italic><xref rid="t5bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">16</xref>, <italic>CBFB</italic>::<italic>MYH11</italic><xref rid="t5bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">16</xref>, <italic>BCR</italic>::<italic>ABL1</italic><xref rid="t5bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">16</xref>, <italic>NPM1</italic><xref rid="t5bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">16</xref>, <italic>WT1</italic>, <italic>BAALC</italic></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="t5bfn1">
<p><sup>a</sup>보험은 8종만 인정하고 있음; <sup>1</sup>섬유화가 의심될 때 골수생검에서 시행함; <sup>2</sup>골수흡인검체로 유세포 분석이 불가능할 경우 반드시 시행함; <sup>3</sup>거대핵세포 확인을 위해 시행함. <sup>4</sup>적백혈병(erythroleukemia)이 의심될 때 시행함; <sup>5</sup>염색체검사에서 분열중기세포를 수확하지 못했을 때 진단명에 따라 시행함. 그 외 해당 염색체 이상이 의심될 때, 복잡핵형일 때 혹은 해당 이상이 의심되나 G-banded karyotype에서 관찰하지 못한 경우에 시행; <sup>6</sup>ICC에만 myelodysplasia-related cytogenetic abnormality로 포함되어 있음; <sup>7</sup>WHO 제5판에만 myelodysplasia-related cytogenetic abnormality로 포함되어 있음; <sup>8</sup><italic>BCR</italic>::<italic>ABL1</italic> 양성 급성백혈병 환자인 경우 진단 시 시행할 수 있음; <sup>9</sup>환자의 임상양상, 과거력, 가족력 및 치료 후에도 관찰되는 변이 양상 등을 고려하여 유전성 질환이 의심될 경우 관련 유전자 및 임상적 연관성에 따라 선정하여 검사할 수 있음; <sup>10</sup>혈소판 감소 또는 platelet dysfunction 등 혈소판 질환이 동반된 경우; <sup>11</sup>Severe congenital neutropenia; <sup>12</sup>Shwachman-Diamond syndrome; <sup>13</sup>Fanconi anemia; <sup>14</sup>Short telomere syndromes; <sup>15</sup>RASopathies; <sup>16</sup>해당 유전자 재배열이 확인될 시 치료 후 잔존질환 확인을 위해 진단 시 시행할 수 있음.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="t5bfn2">
<p>Abbreviations: FISH, fluorescent <italic>in situ</italic> hybridization; ICC, International Consensus Classification; WHO 제5판, the 5th edition of the World Health Organization classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</table-wrap-group>
<table-wrap-group id="T6" position="float">
<label>Table 6</label>
<caption>
<p>급성림프모구백혈병(Acute lymphoblastic leukemia)</p>
</caption>
<table-wrap position="float">
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr style="background-color:#e2edbc;">
<th valign="middle" align="left">필수 검사항목(Essential)</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center">세부검사항목</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Complete blood count (CBC), differential count with/without reticulocyte count</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Blood cell morphology</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Bone marrow aspirate and biopsy±clot section</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">PT, aPTT, fibrinogen, D-dimer</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Cytochemistry</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">MPO or Sudan black B, PAS, nonspecific esterase</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Immunophenotyping<xref rid="t6afn1" ref-type="table-fn">a,1</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Acute leukemia panel: CD2, cCD3, CD3, CD5, CD7, CD10, CD13, CD19, CD20, cCD22, CD33, CD34, CD45, CD56, cCD79a, CD117, HLA-DR, MPO, TdT<break/>Early T-cell precursor panel: CD1a, CD4, CD8, CD11<xref rid="t6afn1" ref-type="table-fn">b</xref>, CD65<break/>Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm panel<xref rid="t6afn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref>: CD4, CD56, CD123, CD303</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Cytogenetics by standard karyotyping</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">FISH</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>BCR</italic>::<italic>ABL1</italic><xref rid="t6afn1" ref-type="table-fn">3</xref>, <italic>BCR</italic>::<italic>ABL1</italic>-like panel<xref rid="t6afn1" ref-type="table-fn">b</xref>: <italic>ABL1</italic>::R, <italic>ABL2</italic>::R, <italic>CRLF2</italic>::R, <italic>JAK2</italic>::R, <italic>PDGFRB</italic>::R, <italic>KMT2A</italic>::R, <italic>ETV6</italic>::<italic>RUNX1</italic><xref rid="t6afn1" ref-type="table-fn">4</xref>, <italic>ETV6</italic>::R, <italic>IGH</italic>::<italic>IL3</italic><xref rid="t6afn1" ref-type="table-fn">b</xref>, <italic>IGH</italic>::<italic>MYC</italic><xref rid="t6afn1" ref-type="table-fn">5</xref>, <italic>MYC</italic>::R<xref rid="t6afn1" ref-type="table-fn">5</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Gene mutation</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>CRLF2</italic>, <italic>ETV6</italic>, <italic>FBXW7</italic>, <italic>FLT3</italic>, <italic>IKZF1</italic><xref rid="t6afn1" ref-type="table-fn">7</xref>, <italic>IL7R</italic>, <italic>JAK1/2/3</italic>, <italic>KMT2D</italic>, <italic>KRAS</italic>, <italic>NOTCH1</italic>, <italic>NRAS</italic>, <italic>PAX5</italic>, <italic>PHF6</italic>, <italic>PTEN</italic>, RB<xref rid="t6afn1" ref-type="table-fn">1</xref>, <italic>RUNX1</italic>, <italic>SH2B3</italic>, <italic>TP53</italic>, <italic>WT1</italic>, <italic>ZEB2</italic></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Fusion transcript (RT-PCR<xref rid="t6afn1" ref-type="table-fn">c</xref> or gene fusion NGS assays)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>BCR</italic>::<italic>ABL1</italic> (major and minor)<xref rid="t6afn1" ref-type="table-fn">7</xref>, <italic>BCR</italic>::<italic>ABL1</italic>-like : <italic>ABL1</italic>::R, <italic>ABL2</italic>::R, <italic>CRLF2</italic>::R, <italic>CSF1R</italic>::R, <italic>EPOR</italic>::R, <italic>FGFR1</italic>::R, <italic>JAK1/2/3</italic>::R, <italic>LYN</italic>::R, <italic>NTRK3</italic>::R, <italic>PDGFRA</italic>::R, <italic>PDGFRB</italic>::R, <italic>KMT2A</italic>::R<xref rid="t6afn1" ref-type="table-fn">7</xref>, <italic>ETV6</italic>::<italic>RUNX1</italic> and/or <italic>ETV6</italic>::R, <italic>TCF3</italic>::<italic>PBX1</italic>, <italic>TCF3</italic>::<italic>HLF</italic> <italic>and/or</italic> <italic>HLF</italic>::R, <italic>DUX4</italic>::R<xref rid="t6afn1" ref-type="table-fn">5,8</xref>, <italic>MEF2D</italic>::R<xref rid="t6afn1" ref-type="table-fn">5</xref>, <italic>ZNF384</italic>::R<xref rid="t6afn1" ref-type="table-fn">5,7</xref>, <italic>NUTM1</italic>::R<xref rid="t6afn1" ref-type="table-fn">5</xref>, <italic>MYC</italic>::R<xref rid="t6afn1" ref-type="table-fn">5</xref>, <italic>UBTF</italic>::<italic>ATXN7L3</italic>/<italic>PAN3</italic>,<italic>CDX2</italic><xref rid="t6afn1" ref-type="table-fn">9</xref><break/><italic>BCL11B</italic>::R<xref rid="t6afn1" ref-type="table-fn">7</xref>, fusion transcript of provisional entities of T-ALL (ICC)10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Immunoglobulin gene/T-cell receptor gene rearrangement<xref rid="t6afn1" ref-type="table-fn">1</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="t6afn1">
<p><sup>a</sup>보험에서 18종만 인정하고 있음; <sup>b</sup>현재 보험코드 없음; <sup>c</sup>보험에서 <sup>7</sup>종만 인정하고 있음; <sup>1</sup>치료 후 잔존질환 확인을 위해 진단 시 시행할 수 있음; <sup>2</sup>Myeloid, T 또는 B lineage expression marker가 음성일 때 고려할 수 있음; <sup>3</sup>Interphase 형광제자리교잡에서 granulocyte fusion signal을 확인하여 <italic>de novo</italic> 모세포기 CML과 <italic>de novo</italic> <italic>BCR</italic>::<italic>ABL1</italic> ALL 구분을 권고함; <sup>4</sup>소아 ALL에서 iAMP21를 확인할 것; <sup>5</sup>ICC B-ALL classification에 포함되었으며 WHO 제5판에는 B-ALL with other defined genetic abnormality로 분류되었음; <sup>6</sup>B-ALL에서 예후 예측을 위해 유전자 결실 확인하는 것을 권고하며, 다중결찰탐사체증폭(MLPA)도 고려할 수 있음; <sup>7</sup>Acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage의 분류에 포함되어 있으며, WHO 제5판에는 <italic>BCL11B</italic>::R, <italic>ZNF384</italic>::R 등이 추가로 포함되어 있음; <sup>8</sup><italic>DUX4</italic>::R은 <italic>DUX4</italic> 유전자의 특성상 WTS로도 검출이 어려울 수 있으며, 면역조직화학검사를 이용한 DUX4의 과발현 또는 유세포분석을 이용한 CD371 발현을 통해 확인할 수 있음; <sup>9</sup>ICC B-ALL classification에만 포함되어 있음; <sup>10</sup><italic>HOXA</italic>::<italic>TRB</italic>/<italic>TRG</italic>, <italic>PICALM</italic>::<italic>MLLT10</italic>, <italic>SET</italic>::<italic>NUP214</italic>, <italic>SPI1</italic>::R, <italic>TLX1</italic>::R, <italic>TLX3</italic>::R, <italic>NKX2</italic>::R, <italic>TAL1/2</italic>::R, <italic>LMO1/2</italic>::R 등이 포함되어 있음.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="t6afn2">
<p>Abbreviations: PT, prothrombin time; aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; MPO, myeloperoxidase; PAS, Periodic acid Schiff; cCD3, cytoplasmic CD3; cCD79a, cytoplasmic CD79a; FISH, fluorescent <italic>in situ</italic> hybridization; RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; NGS, next-generation sequencing; ICC, International Consensus Classification; CML, chronic myeloid leukemia; ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; WHO 제5판, the 5th edition of World Health Organization classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues; MLPA, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification; WTS, whole transcriptome sequencing.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap position="float">
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr style="background-color:#e2edbc;">
<th valign="middle" align="left">추천 검사항목(Recommended)</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center">세부검사항목</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Cytochemistry</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Reticulin/collagen<xref rid="t6bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">1</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Immunohistochemistry (biopsy or clot section)<xref rid="t6bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">a</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">CD32, CD34<xref rid="t6bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref>, CD79a<xref rid="t6bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref>, TdT<xref rid="t6bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref>, CD20<xref rid="t6bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">FISH<xref rid="t6bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">3</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Chromosome 4, 10, 17 enumeration<xref rid="t6bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">4</xref>, <italic>CDKN2A</italic> (p16)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Gene mutation</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>BRAF</italic>, <italic>CBL</italic><xref rid="t6bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">1</xref>, <italic>CREBBP</italic>, <italic>DNMT3A</italic>, <italic>EED</italic>, <italic>EP300</italic>, <italic>EZH2</italic>, <italic>GATA3</italic>, <italic>NF1</italic>, <italic>PTPN11</italic>, <italic>SETD2</italic>, <italic>SUZ12</italic><break/><italic>ABL1</italic> kinase mutation<xref rid="t6bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">5</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Gene mutation (germline)<xref rid="t6bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">6</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>ETV6</italic><xref rid="t6bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">7</xref>, <italic>IKZF1</italic>, <italic>PAX5</italic>, <italic>RUNX1</italic><xref rid="t6bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">7</xref>, <italic>TP53</italic></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Real-time quantitative PCR<xref rid="t6bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">8</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>BCR</italic>::<italic>ABL1</italic>, <italic>ETV6</italic>::<italic>RUNX1</italic></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>CDKN2A</italic><xref rid="t6bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">9</xref>, <italic>CDKN2B</italic><xref rid="t6bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">9</xref>, <italic>PAX5</italic><xref rid="t6bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">9</xref>, <italic>PAR1</italic><xref rid="t6bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">9</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Chromosomal microarray/array CGH<xref rid="t6bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">10</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="t6bfn1">
<p><sup>a</sup>보험은 8종만 인정하고 있음; <sup>1</sup>섬유화가 의심될 때 골수생검에서 시행함; <sup>2</sup>골수흡인검체로 유세포 분석이 불가능할 경우 반드시 시행함; <sup>3</sup>염색체검사에서 분열중기세포를 수확하지 못했을 때 진단명에 따라 시행함. 그 외 해당 염색체 이상이 의심될 때, 복잡핵형일 때 혹은 해당 이상이 의심되나 G-banded karyotype 또는 RT-PCR에서 관찰하지 못한 경우에 시행; <sup>4</sup>고두배수체 여부 확인을 위해 시행할 수 있으며 double near-haploid/low hypodiploidy와의 감별을 위해 단일염기다형성기반어레이(SNP array)를 고려할 수 있음; <sup>5</sup><italic>BCR</italic>::<italic>ABL1</italic> 양성 급성백혈병 환자인 경우 진단 시 시행할 수 있음; <sup>6</sup>환자의 임상양상, 과거력, 가족력 및 치료 후에도 관찰되는 변이 양상 등을 고려하여 유전성 질환이 의심될 경우 관련 유전자 및 임상적 연관성에 따라 선정하여 검사할 수 있음; <sup>7</sup>혈소판 감소 또는 platelet dysfunction 등 혈소판 질환이 동반된 경우; <sup>8</sup>해당 유전자 재배열이 확인될 시 치료 후 잔존질환 확인을 위해 진단 시 시행할 수 있음; <sup>9</sup><italic>IKZF1</italic> deletion 확인 시 co-occuring deletion 확인을 통해 <italic>IKZF1</italic> plus로 분류할 수 있음; <sup>10</sup>염색체이수성(aneuploidy) 검출 및 염색체검사에서 분열중기세포를 수확하지 못했을 때 시행할 수 있음.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="t6bfn2">
<p>Abbreviations: FISH, fluorescent <italic>in situ</italic> hybridization; CGH, comparative genomic hybridization; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</table-wrap-group>
<table-wrap-group id="T7" position="float">
<label>Table 7</label>
<caption>
<p>형질세포종양(Plasma cell neoplasms)</p>
</caption>
<table-wrap position="float">
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr style="background-color:#e2edbc;">
<th valign="middle" align="left">필수 검사항목(Essential)</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center">세부검사항목</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Complete blood count, differential count</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Electrolytes with calcium</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">BUN/creatinine, albumin</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Blood cell morphology</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Bone marrow aspirate and biopsy±clot section</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Immunophenotyping[<xref rid="ref29" ref-type="bibr">29</xref>]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">CD19, CD38, CD45, CD56, CD138, β2-microglobulin, cytoplasmic kappa/lambda</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Lactate dehydrogenase</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Serum-free light chain assay</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Serum quantitative immunoglobulins</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Serum protein electrophoresis, immunofixation electrophoresis</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">24 hr urine for total protein, urine protein electrophoresis, urine immunofixation electrophoresis</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">NT-proBNP or BNP</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">β2-microglobulin</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Cytogenetics by standard karyotyping</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="t7afn1">
<p>Abbreviations: BUN, blood urea nitrogen; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap position="float">
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr style="background-color:#e2edbc;">
<th valign="middle" align="left">추천 검사항목(Recommended)</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center">세부검사항목</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Cytochemistry</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Congo red stain<xref rid="t7bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">1</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Immunohistochemistry (biopsy or clot section)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">CD138, kappa/lambda</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Flow cytometry for minimal residual disease [<xref rid="ref29" ref-type="bibr">29</xref>]</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">CD38, CD56, CD45, CD19, CD117, CD81, CD138, CD27, cytoplasmic kappa/lambda</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">FISH</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>MYC</italic>::R<xref rid="t7bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref>, <italic>IGH</italic>::<italic>CCND</italic><xref rid="t7bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">1</xref><xref rid="t7bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">3</xref>, <italic>IGH</italic>::<italic>FGFR3</italic><xref rid="t7bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref>, <italic>IGH</italic>::<italic>MAF</italic><xref rid="t7bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref>, <italic>IGH</italic>::<italic>MAFB</italic><xref rid="t7bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">3</xref>, <italic>NSD2</italic>::R<xref rid="t7bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">3</xref>, del(1p)<xref rid="t7bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref>, +1q21<xref rid="t7bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref>, -13<xref rid="t7bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref>, -17/del(17p13)<xref rid="t7bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref>, +3<xref rid="t7bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">4</xref>, +12<xref rid="t7bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">4</xref>, +18<xref rid="t7bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">4</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Gene mutation</td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>NRAS</italic><xref rid="t7bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">a</xref>, <italic>KRAS</italic><xref rid="t7bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">a</xref>, <italic>TP53</italic><xref rid="t7bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">a,2</xref>, <italic>BRAF</italic>, <italic>CARD11</italic><xref rid="t7bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">4</xref>, <italic>HRAS</italic>, <italic>IGH</italic>, <italic>KMT2D</italic><xref rid="t7bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">4</xref>, <italic>MYC</italic></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="t7bfn1">
<p><sup>a</sup>선별급여로 인정되는 차세대염기서열분석 기반 유전자 패널검사를 위한 필수유전자; <sup>1</sup>아밀로이드증(amyloidosis) 의심될 때 시행함; <sup>2</sup>나쁜 예후인자; <sup>3</sup>ICC에서 분류된 반복적 유전자 이상 동반 다발골수종(multiple myeloma with recurrent genetic abnormality) 진단을 위해 시행함. 해당 유전자 이상 음성 시 <italic>CCND</italic>과(family)와 <italic>MAF</italic>과 관련 유전자 재조합의 확인이 필요함; <sup>4</sup>ICC에서 분류된 원발성 저온응집병(primary cold agglutinin disease)에서 관찰됨.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="t7bfn2">
<p>Abbreviations: FISH, fluorescent <italic>in situ</italic> hybridization; ICC, International Consensus Classification.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</table-wrap-group>
<table-wrap-group id="T8" position="float">
<label>Table 8</label>
<caption>
<p>림프종의 골수침범(Lymphoma with bone marrow involvement)</p>
</caption>
<table-wrap position="float">
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr style="background-color:#e2edbc;">
<th valign="middle" align="left">필수 검사항목(Essential)</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center">세부검사항목</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Complete blood count, differential count</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Blood cell morphology</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Bone marrow aspirate and biopsy±clot section<xref rid="t8afn1" ref-type="table-fn">1,2</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Immunohistochemistry (biopsy or clot section)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: CD3, CD5, CD10, CD20<break/>Hodgkin lymphoma: CD3, CD15, CD20, CD30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Immunophenotyping [<xref rid="ref29" ref-type="bibr">29</xref>]<xref rid="t8afn1" ref-type="table-fn">3,4</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD10, CD19, CD20, CD23, CD200, CD38, CD43, CD45, CD56, CD79b, kappa/lambda, TCRɣδ<break/>Hairy cell leukemia: CD11c, CD22, CD25<xref rid="t8afn1" ref-type="table-fn">5</xref>, CD103, CD123<xref rid="t8afn1" ref-type="table-fn">5</xref>, cyclin D1<break/>Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: CD103<break/>Burkitt lymphoma: TdT<break/>Peripheral T-cell lymphomas: CD2, CD7, CD30, TCRαβ<break/>T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia6: CD7, CD57, TCRαβ<break/>T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia6: TdT, CD1a, CD2, CD7, CD52, TCRαβ, TCL1<break/>Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma<xref rid="t8afn1" ref-type="table-fn">6</xref>: CD2, CD7, CD25, CD30, TCRαβ<break/>Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma: CD2, CD7, CD30<break/>Mycosis Fungoides/Sezary Syndrome: CD7, CD26<break/>NK/T-cell lymphomas: CD2, CD7, TCRαβ</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Lactate dehydrogenase</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Cytogenetics by standard karyotyping<xref rid="t8afn1" ref-type="table-fn">7</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="t8afn1">
<p><sup>1</sup>골수생검은 양측 검사를 권장함; <sup>2</sup>림프종 의심 세포의 크기 및 표현형에 따라 진단과정을 세분화하여 진행할 수 있음(<xref rid="S1" ref-type="supplementary-material">Supplementary Tables 3 and 4</xref> 참조); <sup>3</sup>비호지킨림프종(골수검체)에 대해 다음과 같은 경우에 보험 적용됨, 1) 골수 이외의 부위(장기, 조직 등)에 병변이 없으나, 골수 침범이 의심되는 경우, 2) 골수 이외의 부위에 병변이 의심되나, 조직검사가 불가능한 경우(고시 제2019-255호, ‘20.1.1. 시행); <sup>4</sup>림프종 의심 세포가 25% 이상일 경우 시행할 것을 권장하며 5% 이상이면 2차 검사 항목으로 시행 가능함; <sup>5</sup>WHO 제5판의 두드러진 핵소체 동반 비장B세포림프종/백혈병(splenic B-cell lymphoma/leukemia with prominent nucleoli, SBLPN), ICC의 털세포백혈병 변이형(hairy cell leukemia-variant, HCL-v)에서 음성; <sup>6</sup>말초혈액에서 대상 질환 의심시 시행; <sup>7</sup>만성림프구백혈병/소림프구림프종(chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma)인 경우, CpG 자극 중기 핵형(CpG-stimulated metaphase karyotype) 추가 시행을 추천함.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="t8afn2">
<p>Abbreviations: WHO, World Health Organization classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues; ICC, International Consensus Classification.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap position="float">
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr style="background-color:#e2edbc;">
<th valign="middle" align="left">추천 검사항목(Recommended) -B세포 림프종(B cell lymphoma)</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center">세부검사항목</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Cytochemistry</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Hairy cell leukemia: TRAP<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">1</xref>, reticulin/collagen<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Immunohistochemistry (biopsy or clot section)<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">3</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma: LEF1<break/>Hairy cell leukemia: annexin A11<break/>Follicular lymphoma: <italic>BCL2</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">4</xref>, Ki-675<break/>Mantle cell lymphoma: Ki-67<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">6</xref>, p53<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">6</xref>, SOX117<break/>Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas: <italic>ALK</italic>, IRF4/MUM<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">1</xref>, Ki-6<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">7</xref>, BCL<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref>, BCL<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">6</xref>, <italic>MYC</italic></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">β2-microglobulin8</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">FISH<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">9</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma: +12<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">8</xref>, del(11q)<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">8</xref>, del(13q)<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">8</xref>, del(17p)<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">8</xref><break/>Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma: <italic>MYD88</italic> L265P10, CXCR411<break/>Marginal zone lymphoma: +3, +1<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">8</xref>, del(7q)<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">12</xref>, <italic>IGH</italic>::FOXP11<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">3</xref>, <italic>IGH</italic>::BCL101<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">3</xref>, del(1p)<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">14</xref>, +2p1<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">4</xref>, +6p1<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">4</xref>, del(6q)<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">14</xref><break/>Follicular lymphoma: del(1p36)<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">15</xref>, <italic>BCL2</italic>::R<break/>Mantle cell lymphoma: <italic>CCND</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">1</xref>::R, <italic>CCND</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref>::R<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">16</xref>, <italic>CCND</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">3</xref>::R<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">16</xref>, <italic>CCNE</italic>::R<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">16</xref><break/>Large B-cell lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement: <italic>IRF4/MUM1</italic>::R<break/><italic>ALK</italic>-positive large B-cell lymphoma: <italic>CLTC</italic>::<italic>ALK</italic><break/>HGBCL with 11q aberration (WHO 5th); LBCL with 11q aberration (ICC): del(11q)<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">17</xref>, +11q17<break/>Burkitt lymphoma, DLBCL/HGBCL with <italic>MYC</italic>::R and <italic>BCL2</italic>::R (WHO 5th); HGBCL with <italic>MYC</italic>::R and <italic>BCL2</italic>::R (ICC); HGBCL with <italic>MYC</italic>::R and <italic>BCL6</italic>::R (ICC), HGBCL, NOS: <italic>MYC</italic>::R<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">18</xref>, <italic>BCL2</italic>::R<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">19</xref>, <italic>BCL6</italic>::R<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">19</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Fusion transcript (RT-PCR or FISH)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Follicular lymphoma: <italic>IGH</italic>::<italic>BCL2</italic><break/>Marginal zone lymphoma: API2 (BIRC3)::<italic>MALT1</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">13</xref>, <italic>IGH</italic>::<italic>MALT1</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">13</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Real-time quantitative PCR</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">EBV quantitative PCR<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">20</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Gene mutation</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma: <italic>BCL2</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">21</xref>, <italic>BTK</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">21</xref>, <italic>PLCG2</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">21</xref>, <italic>TP53</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">a,8</xref><break/>Follicular lymphoma: <italic>ARID1A</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">22</xref>, <italic>CARD11</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">22</xref>, <italic>CREBBP</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">22</xref>, <italic>EP300</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">22</xref>, <italic>EZH2</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">22,23</xref>, <italic>FOXO1</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">22</xref>, <italic>MEF2B</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">22</xref>, <italic>MAP2K1</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">24</xref>, <italic>STAT6</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">15</xref>, <italic>TNFRSF14</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">15,24</xref><break/>Mantle cell lymphoma: <italic>TP53</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">a,6</xref><break/>Hairy cell leukemia: <italic>BRAFV600E</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">a</xref>, <italic>MAP2K1</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">25</xref><break/>Marginal zone lymphoma: KLF2<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">12,14</xref>, <italic>KMT2D</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">12,14</xref>, NOTCH2<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">12,14</xref>, PTPRD<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">14</xref>, TNFAIP3<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">12</xref>, <italic>TP53</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">a,12</xref><break/>Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas: <italic>B2M</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">26</xref>, <italic>CD79B</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">27,28,29</xref>, <italic>CREBBP</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">26</xref>, <italic>EZH2</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">26</xref>, <italic>GNA13</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">26</xref>, <italic>KMT2D</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">26,29</xref>, <italic>MEF2B</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">26</xref>, <italic>PIM1</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">28</xref>, <italic>PRDM1</italic> (<italic>BLIMP1</italic>)<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">28</xref>, <italic>TBL1XR12</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">9</xref>, <italic>TNFRSF14</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">26</xref>, <italic>MYD88</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">a,27,28,29</xref>, <italic>TP53</italic><xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">a,29</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Immunoglobulin gene heavy chain variable (IGHV) region somatic hypermutation (SHM) analysis<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">7,8,30</xref> and B-cell receptor stereotype subset analysis<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">8</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Chromosomal microarray to evaluate for 11q aberrations<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">b,31</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">EBV-encoded RNA <italic>in situ</italic> hybridization (EBER-ISH)<xref rid="t8bfn1" ref-type="table-fn">20</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="t8bfn1">
<p><sup>a</sup>선별급여로 인정되는 차세대염기서열분석 기반 유전자 패널검사를 위한 필수유전자; <sup>b</sup>현재 보험코드 없음; <sup>1</sup>SBLPN (WHO 제5판)/털세포백혈병 변이형(ICC)에서 음성; <sup>2</sup>털세포백혈병(hairy cell leukemia, HCL)은 레티쿨린 섬유증과 함께 광범위하게 골수를 침범함; <sup>3</sup>골수흡인검체로 유세포 분석이 불가능할 경우 1차 검사 항목에서 선택하여 시행하는 것을 권장; <sup>4</sup>모호한 형태를 보이는 소포림프종(follicular lymphoma, FL)에서 BCL2과 CD10의 양성은 3A 등급, 음성은 3B 등급에 가깝다; <sup>5</sup>1-2 등급 소포림프종의 경우 Ki-67 >30%은 더 공격적인 임상상과 관련됨; <sup>6</sup>외투세포림프종(mantle cell lymphoma, MCL)의 나쁜 예후인자; <sup>7</sup>백혈병성 비림프절 외투세포림프종(leukemic non-nodal MCL) 감별에 도움됨; <sup>8</sup>만성림프구백혈병/소림프구림프종의 예후 인자; <sup>9</sup>해당 질환의 골수침범 의심 시 실행; <sup>10</sup>림프형질세포림프종(lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma) 의심 시 시행; <sup>11</sup>CXCR4는 림프형질세포림프종의 40% 이상에서 발견되며, BTK 억제제 치료환자에서 검사가 권장됨. 치료기간 단축과 ibrutinib 치료의 내성과 관련됨; <sup>12</sup>비장변연부 림프종(splenic marginal zone lymphoma)에서 주로 관찰됨; <sup>13</sup>점막관련 림프조직(mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue)에서 주로 관찰됨; <sup>14</sup>림프절변연부림프종(nodal marginal zone lymphoma)에서 주로 관찰됨; <sup>15</sup>WHO 제5판의 드문 특징을 가진 소포림프종(FL with uncommon features)과 ICC의 <italic>BCL2</italic>::R 음성, CD23 양성 소포 중심 림프종(<italic>BCL2</italic>::R negative, CD23-positive follicle center lymphoma)에서 돌연변이가 주로 관찰됨; <sup>16</sup><italic>CCND1</italic>::R 음성 외부세포림프종에서 시행함; <sup>17</sup>11q23.2-11q23.3의 삽입(gain) 또는 11q24.1-qter의 결실(loss)을 확인; <sup>18</sup><italic>MYC</italic>::<italic>IGH</italic>, <italic>MYC</italic>::IGL, <italic>MYC</italic>::IGK를 포함; <sup>19</sup><italic>MYC</italic> 양성일 때 시행; <sup>20</sup>Burkitt 림프종, EBV 관련 림프세포증식질환이 의심될 때 시행함; <sup>21</sup>표적치료를 위해 추가 확인이 권장됨; <sup>22</sup>FL International Prognostic Index [<xref rid="ref30" ref-type="bibr">30</xref>]와 함께 해당 유전자의 돌연변이는 임상적 예후인자로서 평가중; <sup>23</sup><italic>EZH2</italic> 억제제 사용을 고려할 때 시행함; <sup>24</sup>소아형 FL에서 대상 유전자의 돌연변이가 주로 관찰됨; <sup>25</sup><italic>IGHV</italic>4-34 변이 HCL 또는 HCL-v에서 해당 유전자의 돌연변이가 주로 관찰됨; <sup>26</sup>광범위큰B세포림프종(diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, DLBCL) GCB 아형에서 주로 관찰됨; <sup>27</sup>원발성 중추신경계 림프종(primary central nervous system lymphoma), 고환의 원발성 DLBCL에서 <italic>MYD88</italic> L265P와 <italic>CD79B</italic> 돌연변이가 높은 빈도로 관찰되며 혈관내큰B세포림프종(intravascular large B-cell lymphoma)에서도 관찰됨; <sup>28</sup>DLBCL, ABC 아형에서 주로 관찰됨; <sup>29</sup>고등급B세포림프종(high grade B-cell lymphoma, HGBCL), NOS에서 주로 관찰됨; <sup>30</sup><italic>BRAF</italic>V600E 음성인 HCL 표현형을 보이거나 HCL-v 의심 시 <italic>IGHV4-34</italic> 재조합 확인을 위해 시행. 일반적으로 나쁜 예후인자임; <sup>31</sup><italic>MYC</italic>::R 음성 HGBCL에서 11q 이상 동반 HGBCL (WHO 제5판); 11q 이상 동반 큰B세포림프종(large B-cell lymphoma with 11q aberration) (ICC)의 감별을 위해 시행함.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="t8bfn2">
<p>Abbreviations: TRAP, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase; EBV, Ebstein-Barr virus; HGBCL, high-grade B-cell lymphoma, WHO, World Health Organization classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues; ICC, International Consensus Classification; NOS, not otherwise specified; GCB, germinal center B-cell-like; ABC, activated B-cell-like.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap position="float">
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr style="background-color:#e2edbc;">
<th valign="middle" align="left">추천 검사항목(Recommended) -T세포 림프종(T cell lymphoma)</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center">세부검사항목</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Cytochemistry</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Acid phosphatase<xref rid="t8cfn1" ref-type="table-fn">1</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Immunohistochemistry (biopsy or clot section)<xref rid="t8cfn1" ref-type="table-fn">2</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Peripheral T-cell lymphomas: ALK<xref rid="t8cfn1" ref-type="table-fn">3</xref>, BCL6<xref rid="t8cfn1" ref-type="table-fn">4</xref>, CCR4<xref rid="t8cfn1" ref-type="table-fn">5</xref>, CD21, CXCR3<xref rid="t8cfn1" ref-type="table-fn">6</xref>, GATA3<xref rid="t8cfn1" ref-type="table-fn">5</xref>, IL-2Rα<xref rid="t8cfn1" ref-type="table-fn">7</xref>, Ki-67<xref rid="t8cfn1" ref-type="table-fn">8</xref>, PD1/CD27<xref rid="t8cfn1" ref-type="table-fn">9</xref>, TBX21<xref rid="t8cfn1" ref-type="table-fn">6</xref>, TP63, cytotoxic granule proteins<xref rid="t8cfn1" ref-type="table-fn">9</xref>, markers of TFH cell origin<xref rid="t8cfn1" ref-type="table-fn">4</xref><break/>Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma: Ki-67, TCRβ, TIA1<break/>NK/T-cell lymphomas: cCD3ɛ, CD16<xref rid="t8cfn1" ref-type="table-fn">10</xref>, CD30, cytotoxic granule proteins<xref rid="t8cfn1" ref-type="table-fn">9</xref>, Ki-67<xref rid="t8cfn1" ref-type="table-fn">8</xref></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">FISH</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">T-prolymphocytic leukemia: <italic>TCL1A</italic>::R<xref rid="t8cfn1" ref-type="table-fn">a</xref>, <italic>TCL1B</italic>::R<xref rid="t8cfn1" ref-type="table-fn">a</xref>, <italic>MTCP1</italic>::R<xref rid="t8cfn1" ref-type="table-fn">a</xref>, del(5q), +8q, del(11q), del(12p), del(13q), del(22p)<break/>Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma: <italic>DUSP22-IRF4</italic>::R<xref rid="t8cfn1" ref-type="table-fn">a,11</xref>, del(17p)<xref rid="t8cfn1" ref-type="table-fn">7</xref>, <italic>JAK2</italic>::R<break/>Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma: i(7q), +8</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Fusion transcript (RT-PCR or FISH)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma: <italic>ALK</italic>::<italic>NPM1</italic><xref rid="t8cfn1" ref-type="table-fn">12</xref>, <italic>ALK</italic>::R<xref rid="t8cfn1" ref-type="table-fn">12</xref>, TBL1XR1::TP63a,1<xref rid="t8cfn1" ref-type="table-fn">3</xref>, TP63::Ra,13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Real-time quantitative PCR</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">EBV quantitative PCR14</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Gene mutation</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma: <italic>INO80</italic>, <italic>PIK3CD</italic>, <italic>SETD2</italic>, <italic>SMARCA2</italic>, <italic>STAT3</italic>, <italic>STAT5B</italic>, <italic>TET3</italic><break/>TFH lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic-type (ICC); Nodal TFH cell lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic-type (WHO 5th)<xref rid="t8cfn1" ref-type="table-fn">15</xref>: <italic>DNMT3A</italic>, <italic>IDH1</italic>, <italic>IDH2</italic>, <italic>RHOA</italic>, <italic>TET2</italic><break/>Large granular lymphocytic leukemia, NK-cell leukemias: <italic>STAT3</italic><xref rid="t8cfn1" ref-type="table-fn">16,17</xref>, <italic>STAT5B</italic><xref rid="t8cfn1" ref-type="table-fn">16</xref><break/>Ataxia telangiectasis: <italic>ATM</italic><break/>Nijmegen-Breakage syndrome: <italic>NBN</italic></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">T-cell receptor gene<xref rid="t8cfn1" ref-type="table-fn">18</xref> rearrangement</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Human T-cell leukemia virus serologic test<xref rid="t8cfn1" ref-type="table-fn">a,19</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">EBV-encoded RNA <italic>in situ</italic> hybridization (EBER-ISH)<xref rid="t8cfn1" ref-type="table-fn">14</xref></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="t8cfn1">
<p><sup>a</sup>현재 보험코드 없음; <sup>1</sup>T세포 전림프구백혈병(T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, T-PLL)이 의심될 때 시행함; <sup>2</sup>골수흡인검체로 유세포 분석이 불가능할 경우 1차 검사 항목에서 선택하여 시행하는 것을 권장하며 CD 항원 검사 항목은 골수흡인 및 골수생검에서 분석 가능함; <sup>3</sup>ALK 양성 역형성대세포림프종(anaplastic large cell lymphoma, ALCL) 진단을 위해 시행; <sup>4</sup>TFH 세포 표지자(CXCL13, ICOS, PD1/CD279)는 WHO 제5판의 혈관면역모세포형(angioimmunoblastic-type)/소포형(follicular-type)/상세불명(NOS) 림프절 TFH 림프종과 ICC의 혈관면역모세포형/소포형/상세불명 TFH림프종 진단을 위해 시행; <sup>5</sup>GATA3 양성 말초T세포림프종(peripheral T-cell lymphoma, PTCL), NOS 진단을 위해 시행. 나쁜 예후와 관련; <sup>6</sup>TBX21 양성 PTCL, NOS 진단을 위해 시행. 좋은 예후와 관련; <sup>7</sup>ALK 음성 ALCL의 나쁜 예후인자; <sup>8</sup>PTCL-U (PTCL, unspecified)와 I/II 단계 비강형 NK/T세포림프종(extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, ENKL)에서 나쁜 예후인자임; <sup>9</sup>세포독성 과립 단백질(cytotoxic granule proteins; TIA1, perforin, granzyme B)은 큰과립림프구백혈병(large granular lymphocytic leukemia, LGLL), ENKL, 공격성NK세포백혈병(aggressive NK-cell leukemia, ANKL) 등에서 대부분 발현; <sup>10</sup>ENKL와 비교하여 ANKL에서 주로 발현함; <sup>11</sup>ALK 음성일 때 시행. 좋은 예후인자. 표적치료제로 ALK 억제제가 가능함; <sup>12</sup>좋은 예후인자. 표적치료제로 ALK 억제제가 가능함; <sup>13</sup>TP63 면역조직화학 양성일 때 시행. 나쁜 예후인자; <sup>14</sup>ENKL, EBV 관련 림프세포증식질환이 의심될 때 시행함; <sup>15</sup>후성유전학과 관련된 유전자 중 <italic>IDH2</italic>와 <italic>TET2</italic> 돌연변이는 혈관면역모세포형 림프절TFH 림프종(WHO 제5판)/TFH 림프종(ICC)에서 주로 관찰됨; <sup>16</sup>CD8 양성 T-LGLL의 나쁜 예후인자임; <sup>17</sup>성인T세포백혈병/림프종(adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, ATLL)의 저등급 (indolent) 아형에서 관찰됨; <sup>18</sup>PTCLs, T-LGLL, T-PLL, ENKL 그리고 간비장T세포림프종(hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma)에서 도움됨; <sup>19</sup>사람T세포백혈병바이러스 1/2형 (human T-cell leukemia virus-1/2)의 엔데믹 지역이 아닌 곳에서 ATLL이 의심될 때 시행함.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="t8cfn2">
<p>Abbreviations: FISH, fluorescent <italic>in situ</italic> hybridization; EBV, Ebstein-Barr virus; TFH, T-follicular helper (WHO 5th)/follicular helper T-cell (ICC); WHO, World Health Organization classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues; ICC, International Consensus Classification.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</table-wrap-group>
<table-wrap-group id="T9" position="float">
<label>Table 9</label>
<caption>
<p>이식 후 림프증식질환(Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder)</p>
</caption>
<table-wrap position="float">
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr style="background-color:#e2edbc;">
<th valign="middle" align="left">필수 검사항목(Essential)</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center">세부검사항목</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Complete blood count, differential count</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Blood cell morphology</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Bone marrow aspirate and biopsy±clot section<sup>1</sup></td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Immunohistochemistry</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">CD3, CD5, CD10, BCL<sup>6</sup>, BCL2, IRF4/MUM<sup>1</sup>, CD20, CD79a, PAX5, Ki-67, kappa, lambda</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Immunophenotyping</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">CD3, CD5, CD7, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD20, CD10, kappa, lambda</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Cytogenetics by standard karyotyping</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">EBV-encoded RNA in situ hybridization (EBER-ISH)</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

</table-wrap>
<table-wrap position="float">
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr style="background-color:#e2edbc;">
<th valign="middle" align="left">추천 검사항목(Recommended)</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center">세부검사항목</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Immunohistochemistry</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">CD15, CD30, CD45, CD7, CD4, CD8, ALK, TIA-1, granzyme B, CD57, CD56, CD138</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Immunophenotyping</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">CD138, cytoplasmic kappa and lambda, CD30, CD57, CD56, CD16, CD25, CD52</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="t9bfn1">
<p><sup>1</sup>골수생검은 양측 검사를 권장함.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="t9bfn2">
<p>Abbreviations: EBV, Epstein-Barr virus.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</table-wrap-group>
<table-wrap-group id="T10" position="float">
<label>Table 10</label>
<caption>
<p>조직구종양(Histiocytic neoplasm)</p>
</caption>
<table-wrap position="float">
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr style="background-color:#e2edbc;">
<th valign="middle" align="left">필수 검사항목(Essential)</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center">세부검사항목</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Complete blood count (CBC), differential count</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Blood cell morphology</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Bone marrow aspirate and biopsy±clot section</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Immunohistochemistry</td>
<td valign="top" align="left">Langerhans cell histiocytosis: CD1a, S100, langerin (CD207)<break/>Erdheim-Chester disease: CD68, CD163, factor XIIIa, S100 or CD1a<break/>Rosai-Dorfman disease: CD68, CD163, S100, CD1a, cyclin D1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Cytogenetics by standard karyotyping</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">-</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap position="float">
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr style="background-color:#e2edbc;">
<th valign="middle" align="left">추천 검사항목(recommended)</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center">세부검사항목</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Immunohistochemistry</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">CD14, Fascin, <italic>BRAFV600E</italic> (VE1), <italic>NTRK</italic><sup>1</sup>, <italic>OCT2</italic>, <italic>ALK</italic><sup>1</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:#f3f4f4;">
<td valign="top" align="left">Fusion transcript (RT-PCR or FISH)<sup>2</sup></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>BRAF</italic>::R, <italic>KIF5B</italic>::<italic>ALK</italic><sup>1</sup>, <italic>ALK</italic>::R<sup>1</sup>, <italic>RET</italic>::R, <italic>NTRK1</italic>::R</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left">Gene mutation<sup>2</sup></td>
<td valign="top" align="center"><italic>BRAF</italic>, <italic>ARAF</italic>, <italic>CSF1R</italic>, <italic>MAP2K1</italic>, <italic>MAP3K1</italic>, <italic>KRAS</italic>, <italic>NRAS</italic>, <italic>PIK3CA</italic>, <italic>PIK3CD</italic>, <italic>RAF1</italic>, <italic>SLC29A3</italic><sup>3</sup></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="t10bfn1">
<p><sup>1</sup>ALK 양성 조직구증(histiocytosis)의 감별을 위해 시행함; <sup>2</sup><italic>BRAFV600E</italic> (VE1)이 음성이거나 모호한(equivocal) 결과일 때 시행함; <sup>3</sup>가족성 Rosai-Dorfman 질환이 의심될 때 시행함.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="t10bfn2">
<p>Abbreviations: RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; FISH, fluorescent <italic>in situ</italic> hybridization.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</table-wrap-group>
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</article>