In 1997, Dr. Thad Ghim who was working at Emory University in the United States, returned to Seoul Asan Medical Center to take care of pediatric hemato-oncologic patients. He was privately frustrated by the lack of multidisciplinary approach to patient care, particularly in pediatric neuro-oncology in his clinic. Therefore, he decided to start the multidisciplinary clinic at the Seoul Asan Medical Center.

As mentioned earlier, there were also these demands in other institutes. To meet these needs, the Korean Pediatric Neuro-Oncological Study Group was formed in March 1999. As a result of this efforts, the 1st Pediatric Neuro-Oncological Symposium (Fig. 2) was held with specialists from various fields, including pediatric oncologists, pediatric neurosurgeons, pediatric therapeutic oncologists, neuropathologists, and pediatric neurologists in October 1999. At the symposium, they discussed the recent advances and empathized the necessity of multicenter studies.

Motivated by these efforts, on February 16, 2001, the official Korean Pediatric Neuro-Oncological Study Group of promoters was held with 24 members (Supplementary Material in the online-only Data Supplement), following the inaugural meeting of the official Korean Pediatric Neuro-Oncological Study Group on June 1, 2002, at Seoul Asan Medical Center (Figs. 3 and 4). Most of the promoters served as pivotal executives and presidents of the society (Supplementary Fig. 1 in the online-only Data Supplement). At the meeting, the general concept and the recent trends of pediatric neuro-oncology were discussed. Dr. Thad Ghim was appointed as the 1st president. At the time, the name of the society was “Korean Pediatric Neuro-Oncological Study Group.” In September of the same year, the 1st Workshop on Treatment Protocol and Registry of the Pediatric Neuro-Oncology was held. At the 2nd general meeting in June 2003, we changed our name to “Korean Society for Pediatric Neuro-Oncology.” Since then, we have been holding regular academic conferences and symposiums.

In the academic conferences (Fig. 5), several world-famous scholars, including Dr. Larry Kun (St Jude Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA), Dr. Ching C. Lau (Baylor College of Medicine, TX, USA), and Dr. Mark Kieran (Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA) were invited. Their lectures gave the members new insights. Meanwhile, some invited lecturers (especially Dr. Larry Kun) were amazed by the harmonious and cooperative atmosphere of the society, despite it being a multidisciplinary academic society. He mentioned that he had never experienced such warm atmosphere in other countries.

The National Cancer Moonshot Initiative, which started in 2005, was a very important moment for our society. Many new protocols for different tumors, including medulloblastoma, pediatric glioma, germ cell tumor, and ependymoma were developed at that time. For this project, the society organized several committees for medulloblastoma, glioma, infant, ependymoma, autologous bone marrow transplantation, and basic pathology and outcome. As mentioned earlier, these committees could not have been accomplished without the background of the efforts of each institute since the 1980s. We can know these efforts from the program of the Workshop for “Multi-institutional Study in KSPNO” in 2005 (Fig. 6). Many participants came from nationwide institutes. These committees became the foundation of the research subgroups in our Society. To these days, these organizations maintain.

The protocols (Fig. 7) not only included the treatment guideline but also included the endocrine evaluation (Fig. 8) and neurocognitive function assessment. Although such effort did not help us financially, it gave us the opportunity for multidisciplinary cooperation.

In 2011, the guidelines for Autologous Stem Cell Rescue for Infant and Young Children with Newly Diagnosed primitive neuroectodermal tumor and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor were amended. Lastly, the protocols were revised in 2016.

Now our society has two main goals. The first is the National Cancer Treatment Guideline Project, sponsored by National Cancer Center. It is a voluntary project in standardizing evidence-based cancer treatment. Although the contract (Fig. 10) was made in 2021, the actual process started in 2022. Our society chose two main tumors: medulloblastoma and germ cell tumor. Our society established a task-force committee for this project. The committee consists of five subgroups (Neurosurgery, Pathology, Pediatrics, Radiology, and Radiation Oncology). Dr. Hyeon Jin Park (pediatrician, National Cancer Center) was appointed as the chair of this committee. This project made us review the fundamental knowledge of medulloblastoma from diverse views. We hope that it will become another motivator to our society. It is still in progress.

The other important motivator is the Childhood Cancer and Rare Disease Control Group Project (Fig. 11). In 2021, this project was first initiated with the donation (300 billion KRW) to Seoul National University Children’s Hospital from the late chairman of Samsung Group, Kun-hee Lee. In the next decade, our goal is to save young patients suffering from cancer and rare childhood disease in Korea. Furthermore, the bereaved families hope that the research system for new drug development will be established to the lever of other advanced countries.

Now the cancer research group has launched the treatment and research support system. Many society members have participated in these projects. In fact, we believe that these two projects will greatly inspire our society.

Meanwhile, our official academic journal is titled, “Brain Tumor Research and Treatment” (BTRT: www.btrt.org), and it is published with the collaboration of the Korean Brain Tumor Society, The Korean Society for Neuro-Oncology, and our society. The current associated editor from KSPNO is Dr. Hyoung Soo Choi (pediatrician, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital).

Our society is small and has many weaknesses. However, it came this far with the help of our members and leaders. There was a time when existence and maintenance were our only goals. However, we firmly believe, “It’s weak at first, but it’ll be great later.” After all, we do not exist for ourselves, but for our sick children.